Biomolecules

Question 1

What are the four main biological macromolecules?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, DNA

These macromolecules are essential for life and perform a variety of functions in living organisms.

Question 2

What elements make up carbohydrates?

Answer 2

C, H, O

Carbohydrates are organic compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Question 3

What elements are found in lipids?

Answer 3

C, H, O

Lipids typically consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but in different proportions compared to carbohydrates.

Question 4

What are the elements that make up proteins?

Answer 4

C, H, O, N (S)

Proteins are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.

Question 5

What elements are found in DNA?

Answer 5

C, H, O, N, P

DNA contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.

Question 6

What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?

Answer 6

Monomers

The simplest form of carbohydrates is monomers known as monosaccharides.

Question 7

What are the monomers of carbohydrates?

Answer 7

Monosaccharides (simple sugars)

Examples include glucose and fructose.

Question 8

What are the building blocks of lipids?

Answer 8

Glycerol & fatty acids

These components combine to form triglycerides and phospholipids.

Question 9

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 9

Amino acids

There are 20 different amino acids that combine in various sequences to form proteins.

Question 10

What is the building block of nucleic acids?

Answer 10

Nucleotide

Nucleotides are the basic structural units of DNA and RNA.

Question 11

What are the polymers of carbohydrates?

Answer 11

Disaccharides (sucrose) & Polysaccharides (starch, glycogen, or cellulose)

Polymers are formed by the linkage of monosaccharides.

Question 12

What are the two main types of lipids?

Answer 12

Triglycerides & phospholipids

These serve different functions in organisms, including energy storage and cell membrane structure.

Question 13

What is a polypeptide?

Answer 13

A chain of amino acids

Polypeptides are formed by peptide bonds linking amino acids together.

Question 14

What are the functions of proteins?

Answer 14

To make new cells, antibodies, enzymes and hormones, provide structure, transport molecules

Proteins play diverse roles in biological processes.

Question 15

What is the primary function of DNA?

Answer 15

Holds genetic information

DNA is responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information.

Question 16

What is the role of RNA?

Answer 16

Transfers genetic information from DNA to ribosomes

RNA plays a crucial role in protein synthesis.

Question 17

What determines the kind of protein made?

Answer 17

The sequence of bases

The specific order of nucleotide bases in DNA dictates the amino acid sequence of proteins.

Question 18

True or False: Mono and Di carbohydrates are soluble in water and taste sweet.

Answer 18

True

Polysaccharides, however, are generally insoluble in water.

Question 19

Fill in the blank: Lipids provide _______ more energy than carbohydrates.

Answer 19

2x

This high energy content makes lipids efficient energy storage molecules.

Question 20

How many different amino acids are there?

Answer 20

20

The type and order of amino acids determine the specific protein formed.

Question 21

What are the four types of base pairs in DNA?

Answer 21

A, G, T & C

These bases pair specifically: A with T and G with C, forming the rungs of the DNA ladder.

Question 22

What determines the characteristics of an organism?

Answer 22

The sequence of base pairs

Genetic information encoded in DNA influences traits and characteristics.