Biomolecules Flashcards
The chemical properties of these biomolecules dictate their function.
Proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, carbs
Carbs
Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
ENERGY for the cells
What are the main atoms that make us up
C- Carbon
H- Hydrogen
O- Oxygen
N- Nitrogen
P- Phosphorus
S- Sulfur
Monosaccharides
Carbs that are made up of one sugar unit, not chemically bonded, very fast energy, dont need to be chemically digested, can diffuse in the blood stream
Sources of monosaccharides
Fruits, honey,
Disaccharides
Carbs that are made up of two sugar units, must be chemically broken down.
Examples of disaccharides
Sucrose: Table sugar
Lactose: Milk Sugar
Maltose: Starch
Anything that contains table sugar, milk
Polysaccharides
Many sugar units, long and steady energy, slowly digested and put into the blood stream
Sources of polysaccharides
Any grain, Anything that contains flower, “starchy vegetables”: potatoes.
The name of carbohydrates end in ____
-ose
Examples of carbohydrates
Glucose
Sucrose
Lactose
Amylose
Lipids
Elements: C, H, O
Monomer: Made of fatty acid chains, Must be broken apart in order to get to the blood stream
Function: Stored energy, insulation, protect organs
Sources of lipids
Lard, butter, oil, and any food that contains
these, Cholesterol- found in animal fat
Proteins
Elements: C, H, O, N and sometimes S
Monomer: Made of amino acids
Functions: Cells, bodies, Makes up skin, hair, nails, repairs cells
Examples of proteins
Hemoglobin: Found in red blood cells- attaches to oxygen
Hormones: Chemical messengers that are put into the
bloodstream and cause something to happen
in another area of the body
Important Proteins
Enzymes
Enzymes
Help chemical reactions occur in living things
and act as catalysts
An enzyme fits with another molecule
(substrate) in a puzzle like way
Names of enzymes always end in _____
-ase
Nucleic Acids
Elements: C, H, O, N, P
Monomer: Made up of nucleotides.
DNA
RNA - helps make the proteins coded by DNA by transferring the “recipe”
Sources of DNA
Anything made up of cells
Condensation Reaction
any of a class of reactions in which two molecules combine, usually in the presence of a catalyst, with elimination of water or some other simple molecule (Essentially removing water)
Hydrolysis Reaction
Adding water to one large molecule to break it into multiple smaller molecules.
Catalysts
Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without being destroyed or changed
Substrate
The substance that is acted on in the enzymes
Active Site
The site of an enzyme where the substrate bonds to
