biomolecules Flashcards
Organic compounds in a living system, and they are generally made up of C, H, O, and/or N, which serve as important parts of cellular structures and metabolic reactions.
Biomolecules
Compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Also known as saccharides.
Carbohydrate
The building blocks or monomers of carbohydrates.
Monosaccharides
Long chains of monosaccharide that produces polymers.
Polysaccharides
The structural component of cell walls that forms the fibers present in plants and wood.
Cellulose
An extensively branched glucose polymer that animals use as an energy reserve. It is the animal analog to starch.
Glycogen
They are very large molecules that are critical for the functions of the human body. They are made from the linkage of monomers called amino acids.
Proteins
2 functional group amino acids
Carboxylic group and Amine group
When many amino acids are linked together through peptide bonds, the resulting molecule is called
Polypeptide
proteins involved in defending the body against antigens. They are the molecules of the immune system.
Antibodies
responsible for body movement such as muscle contraction
Contractile proteins
proteins that catalyze (speed up) or facilitate biochemical reactions
Enzymes
serve as messenger proteins to help coordinate some body functions. An example is insulin (which controls blood sugar concentration)
Hormonal proteins
are fibrous and provide support. An example is collagen which provides support to connective tissues.
Structural proteins
store amino acids like casein in milk.
Storage proteins
are carrier proteins which move molecules from one place to another in the body. An example is hemoglobin which transports oxygen.
Transport proteins
a process in which a protein loses its secondary, tertiary, or quaternary structures. This may be caused by physical or chemical agents like strong acid, base, inorganic salt, heat, or solvent which disrupt the bonds that hold the protein structures together.
Denaturation
natural polymers with very large molar masses.
Nucleic acids
carries the genetic information passed on from parents to children.
DNA
plays an important role in protein synthesis.
RNA
a class of naturally occurring organic compounds distinguished by their solubility in an organic solvent (and not in water).
Lipids
