Biomolecule's Flashcards
What are the four major biomolecules?
Carbohydrates.
Lipids.
Protein.
Nucleic acid.
What are the 3 major roles of lipids?
Energy source.
Have a structural role regarding cells.
An integral part of cell membranes.
What are the 4 subcategories of lipids?
Triglycerides.
Phospholipids.
Steroids.
Prostaglandins.
What is the most abundant lipid and most concentrated source?
Triglycerides
What type of fatty acids do triglycerides have?
Saturated fatty acids.
Unsaturated fatty acids.
What’s the difference between saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids regarding bonds?
Saturated fatty acids have all available bonds while unsaturated have one or more double bonds filled with hydrogen atoms.
What makes up the two ends of phospholipids?
Hydrophilic end (water soluble)
Hydrophobic end (fat soluble)
What is a bilayer?
A double layer of phospholipids with one layer of hydrophilic ends facing out and the other layer with hydrophilic ends facing in. This forms a cell membrane.
What are the two types of steroids?
Cholesterol.
Cortisol.
What are prostaglandins commonly called?
Tissue hormones.
What is the most abundant organic compound?
Protein.
What are the 2 shapes of proteins?
Fibrous.
Globular.
What are the 7 main functions of proteins?
Provide structure.
Work as receptors.
Provide energy.
Catalyze chemical reactions.
Transport substances in the blood.
Communicate information to cells.
Protection from pathogens.
What are the attributes of fibrous protein?
Long slender shapes of muscle tissue allow to contract or relax.
Strong, durable, and hydrophobic.
They make up the primary structure of amino acids (one single file chain) and make up the secondary structure (pleated sheet which is either an Alpha-helix or bonds.
E.g collagen.
What are attributes of globular proteins?
They are shaped like globes or spheres and are highly reactive and hydrophilic.
They make up tertiary structures and quaternary structures.
E.g haemoglobins and enzymes.
What are carbohydrates made up of?
Carbon.
Hydrogen.
Oxygen.
What are the three types of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides.
Disaccharides.
Polysaccharides.
What are the five monosaccharides?
Glucose.
Fructose.
Galactose.
Deoxyribose.
Ribose.
What determines these monosaccharides to be hexoses or pentoses?
The amount of carbons is either 6 for hexoses or 5 for pentoses.
Divide the monosaccharides into hexoses and pentoses.
Hexoses- Glucose, fructose, and galactose.
Pentoses- Deoxyribose and ribose.
When two or more monosaccharides connect, what do they become?
Disaccharides.
What disaccharide forms when glucose and fructose connect?
Sucrose.
What disaccharide forms when galactose and glucose connect?
Lactose.
What disaccharide forms when 2 glucose molecules connect?
Maltose.
What are three commonly used terms of polysaccharides?
Starch e.g pasta
Glycogen e.g stored energy in bones and liver.
Cellulose (fiber)
What are the 2 structures that makeup DNA called?
Pyrimidines.
Purines.
What is the difference between DNA and RNA regarding strands and sugars?
DNA is double-stranded, helical with deoxyribose sugar.
Rna is single-stranded with a ribose sugar
What are the bases for DNA?
Adenine.
Guanine.
Thymine
Cytosine.
What are the bases for RNA?
Adenine.
Guanine.
Uracil.
Cytosine.
Divide the 5 bases into pyrimidines and purines.
Pyrimidines- Cytocine, thymine, uracil.
Purines- Adenine, guanine.
