Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gen bio > BIOMOLECULE > Flashcards

BIOMOLECULE Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

●Life on earth is based on carbon compounds that we call
● are macromolecules or “giant molecules.”

A

biomolecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

They are giant because they are polymers made of hundreds or even thousands of smaller molecules called

A

monomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Four major kinds of biomolecule

A
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Nucleic acids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Used as a source of energy, ____ are a class of biomolecules that includes
sugar and polymers of sugars

A

Carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

These are organic compounds that primarily consist
of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that occur in a

A

1:2:1 RATIO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the monomers and fundamental units of carbohydrates that cannot be further broken down or hydrolyzed into smaller sugars

A

Monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mono =
Sacchar =

A
  • ONE
  • SUGAR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Types of Monosaccharides

A

Aldoses
Ketoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sugar units that contain an aldehyde group

A

Aldoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sugar units that contain a ketone group

A

Ketoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

● Form that circulates in our bloodstream
○ Known as dextrose

A

Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

● Occurs in ripe and sweet fruits
○ Mango is the sweetest fruit on the planet

A

Fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

● Makes up the sugar in milk

A

Galactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

● A major structural component of DNA nucleotides
○ A pentose

A

Deoxyribose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

● A carbohydrate that consists of two to ten units of monosaccharides
○ Most commonly occurring two forms of oligosaccharides are disaccharides
○ Di = two

A

Oligosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

○ are formed by dehydration synthesis
○ We encounter many forms of disaccharides daily

A

Disaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

● In plants, it is abundant in sugar cane which is processed to produce table sugar

A

Sucrose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

● In barely, it can be fermented to produce alcoholic beverages

A

Maltose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

● Major sugar found in cow’s milk

A

Lactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

● A trisaccharide found in cabbages and asparagus

A

Raffinose

21
Q

● Large molecules that consist of hundreds to thousands of monosaccharide monomers
○ Long chains of complex carbohydrates

A

Polysaccharides

22
Q

Poly =
Sacchar =

A
  • MANY
  • SUGAR
23
Q

The most common polysaccharides

A

● Cellulose
● Chitin
● Starch
● glycogen

24
Q

● Primary storage polysaccharide in plants

A

Starch

25
Q

● The storage polysaccharide in animal and fungal cells

A

Glycogen

26
Q

● Primary structural carbohydrate in plats
○ Major component of plant cell walls

A

Cellulose

27
Q

consist of glycerol molecule with three fatty acid chains that are combined
through dehydration reaction

A

Typical fat

28
Q

two types of fatty acids

A

○ Saturated fatty acids
○ Unsaturated fatty acids

29
Q

■ Have no double bonds in their hydrocarbon chains which gives them a straight-chain conformation

A

Saturated fatty acids

30
Q

■ Have hydrocarbon chains that contain one or more double bonds between carbon atoms. These bonds usually bend in the carbon chain

A

Unsaturated fatty acids

31
Q

● They are produced from hydrogenation
○ Common in fast foods, fried foods, and junk food products

A

trans fats

32
Q

● They have tails of two fatty acid chains and a head that contains a phosphate group
● A vital class of lipids because they are the primary components of cell membranes

A

Phospholipids

33
Q

● Produced by plants to prevent desiccation or water loss when exposed to too much
sunlight
● Waxy water repellent layers are both present in feathers of birds and exoskeleton of
insects
● Beeswax is a natural wax produced in honeycombs

A

Waxes

34
Q

AMINO ACIDS HAVE (5)

A

○ Central carbon
○ Amino group
○ Carboxyl group
○ Hydrogen atom
○ R group

35
Q

how many amino acids in living organisms have different R groups , which give them
varying chemical properties in the cell’s physiological conditions

A

20

36
Q

● Cells link amino acid monomers together by dehydration reactions
○ Bond between adjacent amino acids is called a peptide bond
○ Process of dehydration reaction, one amino acid releases an H+ and the other
releases OH-
. Thus, a water molecule is produced

A

Peptide bond formation

37
Q

● Some conditions can cause a protein to unravel and lose its normal shape
○ Examples include ph and temperature

A

Protein denaturation

38
Q

● Keratin hair and silk in spider webs are examples of structural proteins
○ Can be found in horns, claws, hooves, and outer skin of vertebrates

A

Structural proteins

39
Q

● mostly globular proteins that catalyze reactions
○ Very specific to the substrate molecule or reactants, reactions of which are
catalyzed

A

Enzymes

40
Q

● Channel and carrier proteins allow the movement of different molecules across the
cell membrane

A

Transport Proteins

41
Q

● Interactions between antigens and antibodies help trigger immune responses

A

Immune Proteins

42
Q

● Present in muscle cells
○ helps the body to initiate various forms of movements

A

Contractile Proteins

43
Q

● Provide amino acids for growing organisms
○ Germinating seeds and developing embryos in eggs

A

Storage Proteins

44
Q

● Store and transmit genetic information
○ Found in nucleus or nucleoid
○ Two types: DNA & RNA

A

Nucleic Acids

45
Q

Roles of Nucleotides

A

● Involved in metabolic activities
● Regulate enzymatic reactions
● Store large amounts of energy (ATP)

46
Q

Components of Nucleotides

A

● Base
● 5-carbon Sugar
● Phosphate Group

47
Q

● The sugar-phosphate backbone is a structural feature of DNA that is bound by
repeating phosphodiester linkages
○ The backbone gives the dna its negative charge

A

Organization of Nucleotides in DNA

48
Q

Most commonly occurring two forms of oligosaccharides are

A

disaccharides

Gen bio (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions