biomolecular structure Flashcards
hydroxyl group
O-H
carbonyl
C=O
carboxyl
COOH
amino
NH2
sulfhydryl
SH
phosphate
PO4
methyl
CH3
Amino acid structure
Amino, carboxyl, and an H group bonded to central carbon with a variable R group
What groups are there of amino acids (hint 5)
Nonpolar,polar (uncharged), charged, aromatic, special property
What is a peptide bond
A bond that link two amino acids between the carbon and nitrogen of the two AAs
What is the difference between a peptide and protein
Proteins have more amino acids
What is the secondary structure of proteins
Alpha helix, beta sheets
What is the structure of a nucleic acids
A five-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base
What type of bond links the nucleic acid together
phosphodiester
Which bases are purines
A and G
Which bases are pyrimidines
T/U and C
Structure of a phospholipid
Glycerol, fatty acids, and phosphate group
What is the typical structure of phospholipids in water
a bilayer membrane
Structure of carbohydrates
1:2:1 ratio of C:H:O
Number of carbons for sugars that deal with energy storage
6
Name the most important mono-saccharide for energy storage
glucose
chemical structure of peptides
two or more amino acids joined by peptide bonds
chemical structure of lipids
glycerols bonded to long hydrocarbon chains (and potentially a phosphate group)
chemical structure of saccharides
the unit base of carbohydrates
its general form is C_n(H2O)_n
alpha helix
righthanded-helix where the N-H of the backbone bonds with the C=O of the amino acids
The tend to have a dipole with the Nh3 end charged
each helix contains about 10 amino acids and 3 turns
beta strand
a polypeptide chain of 3 to 10 amino acids
arrows point towards the c-terminal
what is an alpha helix motif?
the coiled-coil in which two or more helices wrap around each other - typically with a 7 AA repeat
beta sheets
antiparallel - N and C terminus are at same end
parallel - both N terminals are on one end and both C terminals are on the other
beta motifs
hairpin - 2 antiparallel strands with loop connect C and N terminus
BaB - 2 parallel strands with the connecting loop having an alpha helix
what is a beta barrel
a topological structure that is an antiparallel beta sheet coiled into a toroidal form
