biomedicine quiz 4 (wk 5 content)

Question 1

Choose the TRUE statement about Bell’s palsy.
Question 1 Answer

a.
Bell’s palsy is a motor, not a sensory neuropathy.

b.
Bell’s palsy can cause impairment of taste as well as facial paralysis.

c.
Bell’s palsy causes lower facial paralysis, but not upper facial paralysis.

d.
Bell’s palsy typically causes bilateral facial paralysis.

Answer 1

b.
Bell’s palsy can cause impairment of taste as well as facial paralysis.

Question 2

A patient with an acutely swollen knee has fluid aspirated from his joint. The aspirate features a high leukocyte count (greater than 2000/uL, less than 50,000/uL), no crystals, and a negative microbial culture.
Question 2 Answer

a.
Septic arthritis

b.
Pseudogout

c.
Rheumatoid arthritis

d.
Gout

Answer 2

c.
Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 3

Which of the following joints is the LEAST likely to be affected by gout?
Question 3 Answer

a.
Shoulders

b.
1st metatarsal phalangeal joints

c.
Knees

d.
Ankles

Answer 3

a.
Shoulders

Question 4

Choose the TRUE statement regarding polyneuropathies.
Question 4 Answer

a.
They are typically more severe in proximal areas of the body, with sparing of distal areas.

b.
They tend to be asymmetrical.

c.
Polyneuropathies frequently cause visual loss.

d.
Polyneuropathies can be both motor and sensory.

Answer 4

d.
Polyneuropathies can be both motor and sensory.

Question 5

Which viral infection is thought to be linked to development of Bell’s palsy?
Question 5 Answer

a.
Cytomegalovirus

b.
HIV

c.
Herpes simplex

d.
Epstein-Barr virus

Answer 5

c.
Herpes simplex

Question 6

Choose the TRUE statement regarding Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (hereditary sensory and motor neuropathy).
Question 6 Answer

a.
Charcot-Marie Tooth disease is caused by idiopathic, multi-focal compression in a variety of nerves of the upper extremity.

b.
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is both a sensory and a motor neuropathy.

c.
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease progresses rapidly and can cause a life-threatening flaccid paralysis.

d.
Charcot-Marie Tooth disease is caused by idiopathic, multi-focal compression in a variety of nerves of the lower extremity.

Answer 6

b.
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is both a sensory and a motor neuropathy.

Question 7

Why does demyelination lead to death of neurons in MS patients?
Question 7 Answer

a.
Demyelination leads to conduction of fewer action potentials along the axon - this causes a reduction in neurotrophic factors which are necessary for neuronal survival.

b.
Loss of myelin causes axonal membranes to thin and weaken - this makes them more permeable to calcium and potassium, leading to necrosis.

c.
Demyelination leads to excessive action potential production in the axon. This causes ATP depletion and death of neurons through necrosis.

d.
Loss of myelin exposes Fas on the axonal membrane - this leads to Fas-FasL interactions and apoptotic cell death in the neuron.

Answer 7

a.
Demyelination leads to conduction of fewer action potentials along the axon - this causes a reduction in neurotrophic factors which are necessary for neuronal survival.

Question 8

Which of the following is the mechanism of action of allopurinol?
Question 8 Answer

a.
Inhibition of xanthine oxidase.

b.
Inhibition of microtubule polymerization.

c.
Decreasing the rate of uric acid reabsorption in the small intestine.

d.
Increasing the rate of uric acid excretion via the kidneys.

Answer 8

a.
Inhibition of xanthine oxidase

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE regarding purine synthesis de novo?
Question 9 Answer

a.
The first nucleotide product that is built is inosine monophosphate (IMP).

b.
The ring structure of the purine base is built first and then ribose-5-phosphate (via PRPP) is added.

c.
IMP can be used to make TMP and CMP.

d.
The nitrogenous base of purines is built using carbamoyl phosphate.

Answer 9

a.
The first nucleotide product that is built is inosine monophosphate (IMP).

Question 10

The coenzyme form of which vitamin helps supply the C (carbon) needed for purine ring synthesis?
Question 10 Answer

a.
B7 (biotin)

b.
B9 (folate)

c.
B2 (riboflavin)

d.
B3 (niacin)

Answer 10

b.
B9 (folate)

Question 11

Which of the following is associated with immunosuppression due to glucocorticoid use?
Question 11 Answer

a.
Higher doses

b.
Concurrent use of NSAIDs

c.
Use of glucocorticoids for 10 days

d.
Topical administration

Answer 11

a.
Higher doses

Question 12

Which of the following types of infection best characterizes the immunosuppression due to isolated IgA deficiency?
Question 12 Answer

a.
Increased vulnerability to TB and fungal infections.

b.
Reactivation of CMV infections.

c.
Sepsis due to gram-negative bacteria.

d.
Recurrent otitis media and bronchitis.

Answer 12

d.
Recurrent otitis media and bronchitis.

Question 13

Choose the most common primary immunodeficiency:
Question 13 Answer

a.
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)

b.
Isolated IgA deficiency

c.
X-linked agammaglobulinemia

d.
Hyper IgM syndrome

Answer 13

b.
Isolated IgA deficiency

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding Moraxella catarrhalis?
Question 14 Answer

a.
It is never found in the normal human microbiome

b.
It is a gram positive diplococcus

c.
It is usually resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics like penicillin

d.
It can bind to proteins that transport copper throughout our bloodstream, using our own blood as a source of copper that it needs to survive

Answer 14

c.
It is usually resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics like penicillin

Question 15

Choose the bacterium that is more likely to cause otitis externa, NOT otitis media.

Question 15 Answer

a.
Streptococcus pneumoniae

b.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

c.
Moraxella catarrhalis

d.
Haemophilus influenzae

Answer 15

b.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa