Biomechanics of the Breast Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four kinds of problems arising for limited intrinsic support of the breasts?

A
  1. Breast pain
  2. Breast damage
  3. Performance effects
  4. Psychological effects
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2
Q

Which people are more likely to experience breast pain?

A
  • Older
  • Larger breasts
  • Less fit and active
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3
Q

What is the prevalence of breast pain in the UK

A

51.5%

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4
Q

How does breast damage occur?

A

The breasts naturally lose their elasticity as a female ages but this is worsened by repeated loading. Irreversible damage can occur at 60% strain

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5
Q

How is breast skin strain measured?

A

The percentage extension between breast markers in a gravity and non-gravity loaded position

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6
Q

What are the four different elements of performance affected by breast support?

A
  1. Muscle activity
  2. Rating of perceived exertion
  3. Breathing frequency
  4. Kinetics
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7
Q

How does breast support affect muscle activity?

A

Lower breast support increases tension in muscles due to breast pain experienced

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8
Q

How does breast support affect rating of perceived exertion?

A

The greater the breast support, the lower the rating

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9
Q

How does breast support affect breathing frequency?

A

Wearing no bra made for more frequent and less oxygen-rich breathing.

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10
Q

How does breast support affect kinetics?

A

Sports bras lead to an increase in stride length

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11
Q

What are the psychological effects of breast support?

A

Poor breast support prevents people from taking part in sports because they’re embarrassed about breast movement or worried about pain

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12
Q

Lactiferous sinus reference

A

Zucca-matthes et al., (2016) - no lactiferous sinuses visible

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13
Q

Good sports bra reference

A

Yu et al., (2016) - breathable material, good upward support, thick straps

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14
Q

Pros of sports bras reference

A

White et al., (2011) - better breathing, better kinetics

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15
Q

Boundaries to exercise reference

A

Burnett et al., (2014) - breasts > costs and facilities

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