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Biomechanics Final > Biomechanics of the Adjustment > Flashcards

Biomechanics of the Adjustment Flashcards

1
Q

According to DD, what is the cause of disease?

A

Impingement that causes pressure on ONE side of the nerve only

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2
Q

According to DD, what are the only two things that can cause a pinched nerve?

A

1 fracture

2 extreme displacement

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3
Q

Where did BJ go to prove the debate on whether subluxations can cause pressure upon nerves by working on cadavers?

A

Germany

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4
Q

The spinal nerve rootlets of what area lack the epieneural covering as they exit the IVF?

A

Interpedicular region

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5
Q

The spinal nerve rootlets of the interpedicular region are more susceptible to what situations?

A

1 pressure
2 inflammation
3 ischemia

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6
Q

DRGs are found where and are especially susceptible to what kind of forces?

A

Interpedicular region; compressive forces

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7
Q

Dorsal NRs in what state respond more vigorously to mechanical deformation?

A

Chronically injured ones

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8
Q

Is it necessary for spinal NRs to be directly compressed by bony structures to develop pathologic dysfunction?

A

No

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9
Q

What other structures within the IVF can contribute to mechanical stress that affects the nerve tissue?

A

Arteries, veins, recurrent meningeal nerve, lymphatics, fat, areolar connective tissue

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10
Q

The density of what structures in the soma and initial segment of the DRG cells is relatively high during nerve compression, and what does that indicate?

A

Sodium ion channels; indicates unusual excitability

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11
Q

Which are more susceptible to the effects of mechanical compression: DRs and DRGs or peripheral nerves?

A

DRs and DRGs

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12
Q

Does the orthoneurologic exam or biomechanical analysis assess the state of the pathologic tissue changes and also aid in determining the prognosis?

A

Orthoneurologic exam

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13
Q

Does the orthoneurologic exam or biomechanical analysis determine the therapeutic procedures that should be used and the treatment schedule?

A

Biomechanical analysis

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14
Q

According to Faye, what are the two ways in which a chiropractor should examine a person to arrive at a double diagnosis?

A

Orthroneurologic manner and biomechanical approach

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15
Q

What are the 3 categories of the vertebral subluxation complex?

A

1 Mechanical components
2 Neurobiology components
3 Inflammatory-vascular components

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16
Q

Which category of the VSC includes derangements or disorders of the somatic structures of the body that lead to altered joint structure and function?

A

Mechanical components

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17
Q

What kind of actions provide the best opportunity for optimal healing following a mechanical injury?

A

Aggressive early care and restoration of motion

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18
Q

Everything discussed about DD and BJ’s work on nerve compression/impingement falls under which category of the VSC?

A

Neurobiological components

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19
Q

What kinds of injury can initiate the inflammatory and vascular components of the VSC?

A

1 joint injury
2 chronic mechanical join derangement
3 joint immobilization

20
Q

What are the 3 scientifically accepted facts of the VSC?

A

1 homeostasis is necessary
2 nervous system = prime controller of homeostasis
3 dysfunction can occur via faulty MSK relationships

21
Q

What is the most commonly applied chiropractic therapy and is the key distinguishing feature of chiropractic practice?

A

Adjustments

22
Q

How many segmental motion units or spinal joints are meant to be influenced by a chiropractic adjustment?

A

ONE

23
Q

Does a single vertebra or an articulation itself become subluxated/fixated?

A

The articulation (bones do not subluxate)

24
Q

How many joints make up a motion unit?

A

3-joint complex (IVD surrounded by 2 adjacent vertebrae from anterior joint and 2 zygapophyseal joint form posterior joints)

25
Q

Which is indicative of an acute subluxation: hyperactivity/irritability or hypoactivity/compression?

A

Hyperactivity/irritability (spasm, warmth, hyperesthesia, visceral hyperfunction)

26
Q

Which is indicative of a chronic subluxation: hyperactivity/irritability or hypoactivity/compression?

A

Hyperactivity/compression (weakness, coolness, numbness, visceral hypo function, MSK degeneration)

27
Q

Why is it possible to have an asymptomatic site of fixation and a symptomatic joint elsewhere?

A

Other joint is a compensating hyper mobile joint (over expressed)

28
Q

Which two stages of motion make up the zone of physiologic movement?

A

Active and passive ROM

29
Q

Which gives information on muscles and which gives information on ligaments/capsules: passive or active ROM?

A

Active ROM = muscles

Passive ROM = ligaments/capsules

30
Q

Which stage of motion requires external assistance?

A

Passive ROM

31
Q

Which stage of motion is that which the patient is able to accomplish on their own?

A

Active ROM

32
Q

Which stage of motion is small but precise accessory movement within synovial joints independent of voluntary muscle movements?

A

Joint play

33
Q

What is the difference between normal physiologic and normal anatomic barrier?

A

Normal physiologic = point to which a patient may actively move any given joint
Normal anatomic = point to which a joint may be passively moved beyond physiologic barrier

34
Q

Which stage of motion is the normal barrier to motion when all tension has been taken up within the joint and its surrounding tissues?

A

Elastic barrier

35
Q

Joint play resides in which zone of movement?

A

Paraphysiologic zone of movement

36
Q

When is the HVLA chiropractic adjustment delivered?

A

End of paraphysiologic space

37
Q

Forces generated during adjustive therapy and also the thrust times have been found to be the least in what region of the spine?

A

Cervical spine (average of 100N)

38
Q

What is the term for the formation of vapor and gas bubbles within fluid through the local reduction of pressure?

A

Cavitation

39
Q

When does the cracking sound occur with a cavitation?

A

When the pressure inside the liquid drops below the vapor pressure, the bubble formation and collapse occur

40
Q

How long is the refractory period that is associated with cavitation of a joint?

A

20 minutes

41
Q

What do the bubbles formed within the MP joint cavitation consist of?

A

Water vapor and blood gases (at 80% CO2)

42
Q

When does the audible occur when present?

A

At the paraphysiologic space

43
Q

What can cause an audible?

A

Any procedure that produce joint separation

44
Q

What is usually assumed if an audible isn’t produced via adjustment?

A

Joint capsule was very tight and not sufficient for joint separation to produce cavitation (reason why some need more than 1 adjustment)

45
Q

More recently, it has been shown that how many “cracks” are associated with the cavitation seen in the MP joint and cervical spine?

A

2 (first being product of gas bubble formation, second being associated with rapid collapse of gas bubbles)

46
Q

What are the postadjustive phenomena associated with cavitation?

A

1 transitory increase in passive ROM
2 temporary increase in joint space
3 20 minutes refractory period
4 increased joint separation

47
Q

Is an audible necessary for joint manipulation and an increase in joint space?

A

No (but research has found greater increase in those with audible present)

Biomechanics Final (4 decks)

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