Adjustment Quiz

Question 1

Which hypothesis involves afferent impulses from one body area resulting reflex activity in other body areas?

Answer 1

Somato-somatic reflex hypothesis

Question 2

How can vertebral subluxations affect the nervous system?

Answer 2

Could impinge on spinal nerve roots as they exit through the IVF

Question 3

Who proposed the neurodystrophic hypothesis?

Answer 3

Robert Leach DC

Question 4

What is the neurodystrophic hypothesis?

Answer 4

Neural dysfunction/abnormal innervation is stressful to the viscera and other body structures and leads to lowered tissue resistance (making a susceptible host)

Question 5

Segemental muscle hypertonicity that may be associated with joint dysfunction is an example of which type of reflex hypothesis?

Answer 5

Somato-somatic reflex hypothesis

Question 6

What is the definition of a subluxation according to DD Palmer?

Answer 6

Partial or incomplete separation, one in which the articulating surfaces remain in partial contact

Question 7

What concept was constructed by Selye?

Answer 7

General Adaptation Syndrome

Question 8

Distention of the gut resulting in increased contraction of the gut muscle is an example of which type of reflex hypothesis?

Answer 8

Viscero-visceral reflex hypothesis

Question 9

At what stage of the general adaptation syndrome does the body fail to adapt?

Answer 9

Stage of exhaustion

Question 10

Does a vertebral subluxation alone cause a pinched nerve?

Answer 10

No - accompanied by inflammation, disc deformation, vascular changes, etc.

Question 11

Which hypothesis involves visceral afferent impulses resulting in activation of visceral efferent output of the sympathetic or parasympathetic motor neurons?

Answer 11

Viscero-visceral reflex hypothesis

Question 12

The fight or flight reaction occurs during which stage of the general adaption syndrome?

Answer 12

Alarm reaction

Question 13

Patients under significant emotional distress at the time of a car accident showing more neck pain 4 weeks post injury than other patients in a similar situation is an example of which type of reflex hypothesis?

Answer 13

Psycho-somatic reflex hypothesis

Question 14

According to a study done by the AMA, patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers had an associated with which spinal conditions?

Answer 14

T6-T9 scoliosis (86%) DDD (90%)

Question 15

If a subluxation doesn’t cause a pinched nerve, what can?

Answer 15

1 fracture 2 extreme displacement

Question 16

In what four ways is “subluxation” used in the chiropractic profession?

Answer 16

1 chiropractic theory 2 professional identity 3 clinical finding 4 clinical diagnosis

Question 17

Diseases of adaptation like ulcers, hypertension, CAD, etc. occur during what stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

Answer 17

Resistance

Question 18

Pain and muscle tightness in the left shoulder with the onset of a myocardial infarction is an example of which kind of reflex hypothesis?

Answer 18

Viscero-somatic reflex hypothesis

Question 19

What are the 3 stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome?

Answer 19

1 alarm reaction 2 stage of resistance 3 stage of exhaustion

Question 20

Diseases that cause psychological and physical damage and possibly even death occur during what stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

Answer 20

Exhaustion

Question 21

Joint dysfunction leading to conditions such as insomnia and restlessness is an example of which type of reflex hypothesis?

Answer 21

Somato-psychic reflex hypothesis

Question 22

Who are behind the theory of altered somatic and visceral reflexes involving facilitation?

Answer 22

Earl Homewood and Irwin Korr

Question 23

Which comes first: facilitation or sensitization?

Answer 23

Facilitation

Question 24

Does an impinged nerve have pressure on one or both sides?

Answer 24

One side

Question 25

What is vertebral subluxation syndrome?

Answer 25

Clinical disorder identified by its presenting symptoms and physical signs

Question 26

What is the theoretic model of motion segment dysfunction that incorporates the complex interaction of pathologic changes in nerve, muscle, ligamentous, vascular, and connective tissues?

Answer 26

Subluxation complex

Question 27

Which hypothesis involves afferent impulses in one body area resulting in reflex activity in correspondingly innervated visceral organ activity?

Answer 27

Somato-visceral reflex hypothesis

Question 28

Which reflex hypothesis involves subluxations that affect ascending paths of the reticular activating system?

Answer 28

Somato-psychic reflex hypothesis

Question 29

According to DD Palmer, what is the real, primary cause of disease?

Answer 29

Tension (which is caused by pressure, and the cause of pressure in 95% of conditions is sublimated vertebrae)

Question 30

What term is used to describe the multifaceted pathologic entity of a subluxation?

Answer 30

Vertebral Subluxation Complex (VSC)

Question 31

Which reflex hypothesis involves significant conscious or unconscious stressors perpetuating sensitization of afferent nerve fibers, amplifying signals by the amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex, and reinforcing efferent signals in the ANS?

Answer 31

Psycho-somatic reflex hypothesis

Question 32

Which hypothesis involves visceral afferent fibers causing somatic problems?

Answer 32

Viscero-somatic reflex hypothesis

Question 33

Heart palpitations secondary to thoracic joint dysfunction is an example of which type of reflex hypothesis?

Answer 33

Somato-visceral reflex hypothesis

Question 34

What is the #1 recognized cause of subluxation?

Answer 34

STRESS