Balance & Posture

Question 1

What is the point at which the force of gravity seems to be concentrated?

Answer 1

Center of mass/gravity

Question 2

Why is the center of mass and center of gravity essentially the same thing?

Answer 2

Gravitational force of the earth is taken to be uniform at all places

Question 3

What is the vertical line that represents gravity that passes through a system’s center of mass/gravity?

Answer 3

Line of gravity

Question 4

What is the area bound by regions of contact between a body and support surface or surfaces?

Answer 4

Base of support (BOS)

Question 5

What is another term for balance?

Answer 5

Stability

Question 6

What term means the ability to maintain the center of gravity within its base of support and also is resistance to disruption of equilibrium?

Answer 6

Balance (stability)

Question 7

What is the base of support while seated? Standing?

Answer 7

Seated = thighs and buttocks
Standing = area between outer borders of feet

Question 8

Does a larger or smaller base of support yield more stability?

Answer 8

Larger

Question 9

What happens if the center of gravity moves beyond the limits of the base of support?

Answer 9

FALL!

Question 10

Stability limits result from what?

Answer 10

Interaction between velocity and position of the COG

Question 11

What things can influence stability?

Answer 11

Muscle strength, range of motion, fear of falls, perceived stability, environmental conditions

Question 12

What is the term for the stereotypical alignment of body/limb segments?

Answer 12

Posture

Question 13

What is postural control?

Answer 13

Controlling body position in space for stability and orientation

Question 14

What does postural control depend on?

Answer 14

Integrity of nervous system, MSK system, special senses

Question 15

What are the primary postural muscles?

Answer 15

Neck extensors, paraspinals, hip extensors, gastroc-soleus, quadriceps

Question 16

Which is anticipatory postural control: feedforward or feedback control?

Answer 16

Feedfoward

Question 17

Which is a compensatory or reactive postural response: feedforward or feedback control?

Answer 17

Feedback

Question 18

Does sensory feedback from unexpected external perturbation trigger postural responses that are associated with feedforward or feedback control?

Answer 18

Feedback

Question 19

Are postural responses made prior to voluntary movement that is potentially destabilizing in order to maintain stability during the movement seen with feedforward or feedback control?

Answer 19

Feedforward

Question 20

Which is an example of a feedback control: voluntary movement or slipping on the ice outside?

Answer 20

Slipping on the ice outside

Question 21

Which is an example of a feedforward control: voluntary movement or slipping on the ice outside?

Answer 21

Voluntary movement

Question 22

During gait, one of the simplest ways to enhance stability is to utilize which form of control: feedforward or feedback?

Answer 22

Feedforward

Question 23

What three inputs must be integrated during gait?

Answer 23

Visual, vestibular, proprioceptive

Question 24

The Romberg test tests which input of postural control?

Answer 24

Visual

Question 25

The Caloric Reflex Test tests which input of postural control?

Answer 25

Vestibular

Question 26

What is the ultimate result of good posture?

Answer 26

Least amount of energy expended

Question 27

With every one inch of forward head carriage, how many extra pounds must be supported by the spine?

Answer 27

Additional 10 pounds