Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fall 2024 > BioMechanics Exam 3 > Flashcards

BioMechanics Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Glenohumeral motion arthrokinematic goal

A

Combine rotation (roll) and translation (slide) to keep humeral head centered on glenoid
Eliminate unwanted slide with active and passive restraints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Passive restraints of glenohumeral joint

A

Bony geometry
Labrum
Capsuloligamentous structures
Long head of bicep
Negative intra-articular pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Arm abduction

A

Rotator cuff muscles down and deltoid up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Major abductors of humerus

A

Supraspinatus
-Initiates abduction
Lateral deltoid
-Most active after 30 degrees of abduction
-Superior dislocating component neutralized by infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Phase one of GH abduction

A

Setting phase initiated by supraspinatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Phase two of GH abduction

A

The scapula has greater motion, approaching a 1:1 ratio with the humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Phase three GH joint abduction

A

Later in range, the glenohumeral joint again dominates the motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What muscle is susceptible to damage from impingement?

A

Supraspinatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Know how the roll slide mechanism can prevent impingement

A

When the supraspinatus pulls, a roll is created by abduction and is countered with slide action

Requires external rotation of humerus to clear greater tuberosity

Requires upward rotation of scapula to elevate lateral end of acromion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Know how the roll slide mechanism can lead to impingement?

A

When the supraspinatus pulls, a roll is created by abduction and is not countered with slide action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Primary impingement

A

Structural stenosis of subacromial space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Secondary impigment

A

Functional stenosis of subacromial space due to abnormal arthrokinematics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hip

A

Attaches hip to trunk
Deeper labrum at hip
Hips are weight bearing joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Shoulder

A

Attaches arms to trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Parts of hip

A

Ilium, sacrum, ischium, pubis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

acetabulum

A

Makes pelvic bowl
Has parts of the ilium, ischium and the pubis
Is socket
Horse shoe shape
Only posterior head of femur attaches to the socket

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fovea capitis

A

head of femur dimple to make the joint more stable
Is an attachment point for ligamentum teres
Affects ligamentum teres attachment and size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ligamentum teres

A

Provides stability for hip
Ligament between the femoral head and the acetabulum.
Does not exist in the shoulder

19
Q

The hip joint

A

Is a ball and socket joint, made up of the top of the thigh bone called the femoral head (the ball) and the part of the pelvis called the acetabulum (the socket).

20
Q

Fovea brevis

A

Small fovea capitis diameter
Smaller, narrower ligamentum teres
Less stable hip

21
Q

Fovea magnus

A

Large fovea capitis diameter

22
Q

Fovea plane

A

Shallow fovea capitis
Ligament has less surface area

23
Q

Fovea profunda

A

Deep fovea capitis

24
Q

Fovea capitis Index Equation

A

Ratio between diameter of femoral head to diameter of fovea capitis
Has small clinical role to predict hip issues
Good to take several pictures under different magnification

25
Q

Angles of the acetabulum

A

Angle of acetabular torsion
Center Edge Angle of the acetabulum

26
Q

Angle of acetabular torsion

A

Orientation of medial and front and down

27
Q

Center edge angle (CEA)

A

Average range: 25-40 degrees
Function: Provide lateral stability of the pelvis (pushing in opposition to pelvis that is being pushed outward from wedged sacrum) and to prevent superior dislocation

Angle created with vertical line through vertical head of femur to the superior edge of the acetabulum

Measure of how deep the acetabulum is a way to evaluate risk of dislocation

28
Q

CEA of less than 15 degrees

A

Certain dislocation

29
Q

CEA of 15-25 degrees

A

Possible dislocation

30
Q

Hip abductors

A

Gluteus minimus
Gluteus medius
Center of gravity is in-front of the hip which causes a lever
Hip abductors causes pelvis to go back up to keep it stable

31
Q

Single leg raise (SLR)

A

2 BW
Way to evaluate lower back issues
Do you have pain/numbness at the knee?

32
Q

Single leg stance (SLS)

A

3x BW
Just picking your leg up
Walking = 5x BW
Running = 10x BW

33
Q

Trendelenburg sign

A

Pelvis tips when one leg is lifted up
Shows issue with hip abductors

34
Q

Angulation of Femur

A

Two angulations made by the neck of the femur and the femoral shaft
Angle of inclination and angle of torsion

35
Q

Angle of inclination of femur

A

In frontal plane
Between femoral head and neck and the femoral shaft
Angle created from the intersection of a line down the shaft of the femur and the neck of the femur
AOI of the femur approximates 125 degrees
With a normal angle of inclination, the greater trochanter lies at the level of the center of the femoral head

36
Q

Angle of torsion

A

In the transverse plane
Between the femoral head and neck and an axis through the distal femoral condyles

37
Q

Coxa valga

A

Excessive angle over 125 degrees clinical, 140 degrees technical angle of inclination
Lengthens the limb
Reduces the moment arm of the hip abductors which makes force greater
Reduces the load on the femoral neck
Increases the load on the femoral head
Hip would dislocate since this angle is higher than normal

38
Q

Coxa vara

A

110 degrees and below technical
Below 125 degrees clinical
Shortens the limb
Increases the moment arm of hip abductors
Increases the load on the femoral neck
Reduces the load on the femoral head

39
Q

Angle of torsion

A

An axis through the femoral head and neck in the transverse plane

40
Q

SCFE Slipped capital femoral ephysis

A

Caused by someone moving through coxa valga and normal
Issue with childhood obesity
Get change in angle from added weight or from trauma
Happens on bilateral and unilateral sides
Symptom is groin pain while walking
Are treated with a hip brace, growth plates

41
Q

Deviations from normal angle of torsion

A

10-15 degrees males
18-20 degrees female
Born with extreme anteversion of 40 degrees
Angle moves back towards these values

42
Q

Retroversion

A

0-9 degrees

43
Q

Excessive anteversion

A

21-more degrees

Fall 2024 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions