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PE > Biomechanics > Flashcards

Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

Force

A

a push or pull that alters the state of motion

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2
Q

Inertia

A

Inertia - the resistance of a body to change it’s state of motion, whether at rest or while moving

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3
Q

Velocity

A

Velocity - the rate of change in displacement.

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4
Q

Momentum

A

Momentum - the quantity of motion possessed by a moving body. momentum = mass x velocity

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5
Q

Acceleration

A

Acceleration - the rate of change in velocity. Acceleration = (final velocity - initial velocity)/time

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6
Q

Net force

A

Net force - the sum of all forces acting on a body, also termed resultant force. It is the overall force acting on a body when all individual forces have been considered

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7
Q

Weight

A

Weight - the gravitational pull that the earth exerts on a body. weight = mass x acceleration due to gravity

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8
Q

Reaction

A

Reaction - the equal and opposite force exerted by a body in response to the action force placed upon it

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9
Q

Friction

A

Friction - the force that opposes the motion of two surfaces in contact

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10
Q

Air resistance

A

Air resistance - the force that opposes the motion through the air

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11
Q

Streamlining

A

Streamlining - the creation of smooth air flow around an aerodynamic shape to minimise air resistance

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12
Q

Balanced forces

A

balance forces - these occur when two or more forces acting on a body are equal in size and opposite in direction. no net force will be present

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13
Q

Unbalanced forces

A

unbalanced forces- these occur when two forces are unequal in size or opposite in direction. A net force will be present and the body will change it’s state of motion, either accelerating or decelerating

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14
Q

Centre of mass

A

Centre of mass - the point at which a body is balanced in all directions; the point from which weight appears to act

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15
Q

Mechanical advantage

A

Mechanical advantage - second-class lever systems where the effort arm is greater than the load arm. A large load can be moved with a relatively small effort

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16
Q

Mechanical disadvantage

A

Mechanical disadvantage - third-class lever systems where the load arm is greater than the effort arm. A large effort is required to move a relatively small load

17
Q

Linear motion

A

Linear motion - movement of a body in a straight or curved line, where all parts move the same distance, in the same direction over the same time

18
Q

Direct force

A

Direct force - a force applied through the centre of mass resulting in linear motion

19
Q

Stability

A

Stability - the ability of a body to resist motion and remain at rest, or for a body to withstand a force applied and return to it’s original position without damage

20
Q

Distance

A

The total length covered from start to finish positions

21
Q

Displacement

A

The shortest straight-line route from start to finish

22
Q

Speed

A

The rate of change in distance

23
Q

Acceleration

A

The rate of change in velocity

24
Q

Angular motion

A

Movement of a body in a circular path about an axis of rotation

25
Q

Torque

A

A turning rotational force (eccentric force)

26
Q

Longitudinal axis

A

Runs from head to toe through the centre of mass

27
Q

Transverse axis

A

Runs from left to right through the centre of mass

28
Q

Frontal axis

A

Runs from front to back through the centre of mass

29
Q

Angular velocity

A

The rate of change in angular displacement or the rate of rotation

30
Q

Moment of inertia

A

The resistance of a body to change it’s state of angular motion or rotation

31
Q

Air resistance

A

The forces that opposes the direction of a body through air

32
Q

Drag

A

The forces that opposes the direction of motion of a body through water

33
Q

Projectile motion

A

The movement of a body through the air following a curved flight path under the force of gravity

34
Q

Projectile

A

A body launched into the air and subjected to weight and air resistance forces

35
Q

Angle of attack

A

The most favourable angle of release for a projectile to optimise lift force due to the bernoulli principle

36
Q

The magnus effect

A

The underlying theory if how an additional magnus force can deviate a spinning projectile away from it’s expected flight path

37
Q

Magnus force

A

A force created from a pressure gradient on opposing surfaces of a spinning body moving through the air

PE (3 decks)

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