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Phys Ed Studies ATAR > Biomechanics > Flashcards

Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

Momentum

A

Mass x velocity
Amount of motion an object posesses

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2
Q

How can momentum be increased?

A
  • Increase speed
  • Increase mass
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3
Q

Law of conservation momentum

A

Momentum is conserved in any interaction with a closed system (a system that does not lose or gain mass, or isn’t affected by external factors)

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4
Q

Impulse

A

Force x time
A change in momentum, result of a force acting on an object over a period of time

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5
Q

Methods to increase impulse

A

Apply a greater force
Apply the force over a greater period of time

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6
Q

Elasticity

A

The degree of compression then expansion of an object to its original shape

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7
Q

Coefficient of Restitution

A

The bounciness of an object, measures the elasticity of a collision, and the remaining energy after a collision.
- when a COR = 1 it is a perfectly elastic collision
- when a COR = 0 it is a perfectly inelastic collision

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8
Q

Factors that influence the coefficient of restitution

A

Temperature
Velocity
Equipment
Surfaces

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9
Q

Equation of COR

A

square - height of rebround/height of drop

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10
Q

3rd Class Levers

A

Fulcrum, Effort, Load
Speed Increaser

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11
Q

Moment of Inertia

A

resistance to rotational motion

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12
Q

Angular Momentum

A

angular velocity x moment of inertia
refers to the quantity of angular motion possesed by a rotating body.

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13
Q

Angular Velocity

A

rate of change in angular position of a body

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14
Q

Drag

A

Horizontal

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15
Q

Lift

A

Vertical

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16
Q

Turbulent Flow

A

velocity which at any point varies erratically

17
Q

Laminar Flow

A

Fluid moves smoothly in individual streams and layers

18
Q

Boundary Layer

A

thin layer of air surrounding of attached to an object

19
Q

Factors that affect Boundary Layer Seperation

A

Velocity
-low: boundary layer clings to the surface, seperation is pushed well to the back (reducing drag)
-high: seperation is pushed further forward (increasing drag)
Surface Roughness
- rougher surfaces create turbulent layers, reducing drag e.g. Golf Ball
Shape
-Oval: seperation well to the rear (reducing drag)
-Shape: seperation is further forward (increasing drag)

20
Q

Surface Drag

A

Friction created between a fluid and the surface of a moving object
Factors affecting:
- Relative velocity
-Relative roughness
- Surface area of the object
- Viscosity of the fluid

21
Q

Pressure Drag

A

Resistance created by a pressure differential between the front and back of an object moving through fluid.
Factors affecting:
-Cross sectional area of the object
- Velocity of the object
- Surface roughness
-Shape

22
Q

Wave Drag

A

Creation of waves at the point where air and water interact cauisng resistance to motion
Factors Affecting:
- Relative wave velocity
-Technqiue
-Open vs CLosed water

23
Q

Slipstream

A

An area of reduced air pressure and forward suction behind a moving object

24
Q

Ways to increase balance

A

Lower centre of gravity
Increase width of base of support
Centralise line of gravity
Increase Mass
Increase number of contact points with the ground

25
Q

Balance

A

the ability to neutralise forces that distrub equilibrium or the ability to maintain/hold a position

26
Q

Sports that recquire less balance

A

Diving, sprinting, taking off

27
Q

Sports that recquire more balance

A

Sumo wrestling, weightliting

28
Q

Segmental Interaction

A

forces acting between the segments of a body can transfer energy between them or how body segments interact with one another to meet the task’s demands

29
Q

Power

A

More segments used, sequentially summated

30
Q

Accuracy

A

Less segments used, simultaneously summated

31
Q

Simultaneous Movement

A

All body parts move at the same time to produce a force and accuracy.

32
Q

Sequential Movement

A

Combination of forces produced by different body parts acting together producing maximum force.

33
Q

Principles of effective sequential movement

A
  1. Move stronger and larger muscles first followed by smaller and faster muscles
  2. Sequentially accelerate to ensure that optimum momentum is passed from one body part to the next
  3. Ensure that each body part is stable
  4. Use as many body parts as possible
  5. Follow through to avoid deceleration
  6. All forces are directed towards the target.
34
Q

Optimal Projection

A

the angle at which a projectile must travel in order to maximise distance

35
Q

Ways to maximise distance

A

Maximise velocity
Maximise height of release
Angle of release

36
Q

Bernoulli’s principle

A

Relates to pressure created by a moving fluid over an object, whereby fast moving fluid creates a low pressure area, and slow moving fluid creates a high pressure area.

37
Q

Magnus Effect

A

Force that acts perpendicular to the forward path of moving objects

Phys Ed Studies ATAR (4 decks)

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