biomechanics

Question 1

mass

Answer 1

is the quantity of matter found with in a particular body or object

Question 2

inertia

Answer 2

the tendency for an object to resist a change in its state of motion

Question 3

force

Answer 3

mass x acceleration
force can be described as a push or pull on an object

Question 4

force can change objects in …

Answer 4

• change the shape of the object
• an objects motion or speed
• change an objects direction

Question 5

2 types of force

Answer 5

internal and external

Question 6

internal force

Answer 6

described as muscle pulling on bone

Question 7

external force -
air and water resistance

Answer 7

is a frictional force that occurs when one of the surfaces is air or water
drag force opposes the direction of motion

Question 8

external force -
friction

Answer 8

occurs when 2 surfaces contact each other. friction can be maintained to be increase or decreased
more friction = studs
less friction = snow board

Question 9

gravitational force

Answer 9

constant downwards force at 9.8m/s

Question 10

3 types of motion

Answer 10

linear
angular
general - linear + angular=general

Question 11

acceleration

Answer 11

an object positively changing motion

Question 12

deceleration

Answer 12

something decreasing motion

Question 13

linear motion

Answer 13

something moving in a straight line or curved path
- all parts travel the same DISTANCE in the same TIME in the same direction

Question 14

angular motion

Answer 14

when a body part moves around a central axis/ twisting or rotating around an axis

Question 15

Newtons 3 laws of motion
law 1

Answer 15

an object will stay at rest or continue to travel in the same direction at the same velocity until it comes in contact with an unbalanced or external force

Question 16

Newtons 3 laws of motion
law 1
key features

Answer 16

• the greater the mass of an object leads to a greater inertia so more force is needed to move
• if an object is at rest it will remain at rest
• if the object is in motion it tends to remain in motion

Question 17

Newtons 3 laws of motion
law 2

Answer 17

the rate f acceleration of a body/object is proportional to the force applied to it and the direction it was applied

Question 18

Newtons 3 laws of motion
law 2
key features

Answer 18

• acceleration faster when greater force is applied
• maximal force means mass and acceleration should be at their highest
• the heavier an object gets the more force needs to be applied

Question 19

Newtons 3 laws of motion
law 3

Answer 19

when two objects come into contact with one another, they exert forces that equal in size and opposite in direction of each other
- for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Question 20

motion

Answer 20

refers to change in position of an object/body in relation to time
- linear = straight line or curved path
- angular= rotation around a central axis

Question 21

velocity

Answer 21

speed with a direction

Question 22

linear momentum formula

Answer 22

mass x velocity

Question 22

momentum

Answer 22

a measure of the amount of motion an object has and its resistance to changing that motion

Question 23

angular momentum formula

Answer 23

moment of inertia x angular velocity

Question 24

linear momentum

Answer 24

object with a greater momentum are harder to stop

Question 25

conservation of linear momentum

Answer 25

when two objects come into contact / collide the total momentum that existed before the Collison is the same as after the collision - transfer from one object to another

Question 26

angular momentum

Answer 26

always stays the same low angular velocity (Av) = high moment of inertia (mi) high av = low mi

Question 27

angular velocity adapted by ...

Answer 27

can be manipulated by moving body parts into different positions whilst rotating

Question 28

conservation of angular momentum

Answer 28

mass will not change, angular velocity can change by altering the athletes moment of inertia

Question 29

impulse

Answer 29

a change of momentum force x mass

Question 30

impulse + injury prevention

Answer 30

absorbing force over time will decrease the momentum of an object or body. the force is absorbed over time

Question 31

summation of momentum

Answer 31

1. use the large muscle 2. sequentially acceleration 3. stabilize 4. as many body parts as possible 5. follow through

Question 32

projectile motion

Answer 32

any object or body that is launched into the air becomes a projectile and will be affected by air resistance and gravity

Question 33

3 factors impacting a projectile

Answer 33

1. speed of release 2. angle of release 3. height of release

Question 34

3 factors impacting a projectile speed of release

Answer 34

the greater the force applied to a projectile the greater the acceleration. increased speed of release and further and faster it will travel

Question 35

3 factors impacting a projectile angle of release

Answer 35

the optimal angle of release for a projectile to travel is 45 degrees

Question 36

3 factors impacting a projectile height of release

Answer 36

if the angle and speed of release are constant, an object released from a greater height will travel further

Question 37

stability and balance can be altered by manipulating...

Answer 37

1. Base of support 2. Line of gravity 3. Centre of gravity 4. Mass

Question 38

first class lever

Answer 38

axis as the central point RAF

Question 39

second class lever

Answer 39

resistance in the middle ARF

Question 40

third class lever

Answer 40

force in the middle AFR

Question 41

1st and 2nd class levers

Answer 41

assist in decreasing the amount of force required to move a mass

Question 42

3rd class levers

Answer 42

increase the speed and range of motion at the end of the lever

Question 43

force arm

Answer 43

the distance between axis and the force

Question 44

resistance arm

Answer 44

the distance between the force and the resistance

Question 45

3rd class levers benefits

Answer 45

increased linear velocity to be transferred to objects upon contact archiving increased speed or distance

Question 46

3rd class levers mechanical advantage

Answer 46

less than 1 (more force required to move objects) increased speed of the lever rather than force

Question 47

distance

Answer 47

path travelled start to finish

Question 48

displacement

Answer 48

change in position from start to finish

Question 49

speed

Answer 49

time taken to cover a certain distance m/s speed = distance/time

Question 50

velocity

Answer 50

speed with direction