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pe > biomechanics > Flashcards

biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

mass

A

is the quantity of matter found with in a particular body or object

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2
Q

inertia

A

the tendency for an object to resist a change in its state of motion

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3
Q

force

A

mass x acceleration
force can be described as a push or pull on an object

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4
Q

force can change objects in …

A
  • change the shape of the object
  • an objects motion or speed
  • change an objects direction
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5
Q

2 types of force

A

internal and external

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6
Q

internal force

A

described as muscle pulling on bone

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7
Q

external force -
air and water resistance

A

is a frictional force that occurs when one of the surfaces is air or water
drag force opposes the direction of motion

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8
Q

external force -
friction

A

occurs when 2 surfaces contact each other. friction can be maintained to be increase or decreased
more friction = studs
less friction = snow board

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9
Q

gravitational force

A

constant downwards force at 9.8m/s

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10
Q

3 types of motion

A

linear
angular
general - linear + angular=general

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11
Q

acceleration

A

an object positively changing motion

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12
Q

deceleration

A

something decreasing motion

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13
Q

linear motion

A

something moving in a straight line or curved path
- all parts travel the same DISTANCE in the same TIME in the same direction

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14
Q

angular motion

A

when a body part moves around a central axis/ twisting or rotating around an axis

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15
Q

Newtons 3 laws of motion
law 1

A

an object will stay at rest or continue to travel in the same direction at the same velocity until it comes in contact with an unbalanced or external force

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16
Q

Newtons 3 laws of motion
law 1
key features

A
  • the greater the mass of an object leads to a greater inertia so more force is needed to move
  • if an object is at rest it will remain at rest
  • if the object is in motion it tends to remain in motion
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17
Q

Newtons 3 laws of motion
law 2

A

the rate f acceleration of a body/object is proportional to the force applied to it and the direction it was applied

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18
Q

Newtons 3 laws of motion
law 2
key features

A
  • acceleration faster when greater force is applied
  • maximal force means mass and acceleration should be at their highest
  • the heavier an object gets the more force needs to be applied
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19
Q

Newtons 3 laws of motion
law 3

A

when two objects come into contact with one another, they exert forces that equal in size and opposite in direction of each other
- for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

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20
Q

motion

A

refers to change in position of an object/body in relation to time
- linear = straight line or curved path
- angular= rotation around a central axis

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21
Q

velocity

A

speed with a direction

22
Q

linear momentum formula

A

mass x velocity

22
Q

momentum

A

a measure of the amount of motion an object has and its resistance to changing that motion

23
Q

angular momentum formula

A

moment of inertia x angular velocity

24
Q

linear momentum

A

object with a greater momentum are harder to stop

25
Q

conservation of linear momentum

A

when two objects come into contact / collide the total momentum that existed before the Collison is the same as after the collision
- transfer from one object to another

26
Q

angular momentum

A

always stays the same
low angular velocity (Av) = high moment of inertia (mi)
high av = low mi

27
Q

angular velocity adapted by …

A

can be manipulated by moving body parts into different positions whilst rotating

28
Q

conservation of angular momentum

A

mass will not change, angular velocity can change by altering the athletes moment of inertia

29
Q

impulse

A

a change of momentum
force x mass

30
Q

impulse + injury prevention

A

absorbing force over time will decrease the momentum of an object or body. the force is absorbed over time

31
Q

summation of momentum

A
  1. use the large muscle
  2. sequentially acceleration
  3. stabilize
  4. as many body parts as possible
  5. follow through
32
Q

projectile motion

A

any object or body that is launched into the air becomes a projectile and will be affected by air resistance and gravity

33
Q

3 factors impacting a projectile

A
  1. speed of release
  2. angle of release
  3. height of release
34
Q

3 factors impacting a projectile
speed of release

A

the greater the force applied to a projectile the greater the acceleration. increased speed of release and further and faster it will travel

35
Q

3 factors impacting a projectile
angle of release

A

the optimal angle of release for a projectile to travel is 45 degrees

36
Q

3 factors impacting a projectile
height of release

A

if the angle and speed of release are constant, an object released from a greater height will travel further

37
Q

stability and balance can be altered by manipulating…

A
  1. Base of support
  2. Line of gravity
  3. Centre of gravity
  4. Mass
38
Q

first class lever

A

axis as the central point
RAF

39
Q

second class lever

A

resistance in the middle
ARF

40
Q

third class lever

A

force in the middle
AFR

41
Q

1st and 2nd class levers

A

assist in decreasing the amount of force required to move a mass

42
Q

3rd class levers

A

increase the speed and range of motion at the end of the lever

43
Q

force arm

A

the distance between axis and the force

44
Q

resistance arm

A

the distance between the force and the resistance

45
Q

3rd class levers benefits

A

increased linear velocity to be transferred to objects upon contact archiving increased speed or distance

46
Q

3rd class levers
mechanical advantage

A

less than 1 (more force required to move objects)
increased speed of the lever rather than force

47
Q

distance

A

path travelled start to finish

48
Q

displacement

A

change in position from start to finish

49
Q

speed

A

time taken to cover a certain distance m/s
speed = distance/time

50
Q

velocity

A

speed with direction

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