Biomarkers for Cardiac Disease Flashcards
which gender is at higher risk for CHD?
male
what are the BMI levels for overweight, obese, and morbidly obese?
Overweight: 25-30
Obese: > 30-40
Morbidly obese: > 40
why does being in a Pro-inflammatory state put you at higher risk for CHD?
high levels of C-reactive protein
what are the cholesterol cut-off levels?
Desirable: < 200 mg/dL
Borderline high: 200-239 mg/dL
High: > 240 mg/dL
what are the HDL cut-off values for men?
at risk: < 40 mg/dL
desirable: > 60 mg/dL
what are the HDL cut-off values for women?
at risk: < 50 mg/dL
desirable: > 60 mg/dL
what is a normal fasting LDL value?
≤ 100 mg/dL
triglyceride cut-off values
normal: < 150
borderline high: 150-199
high: 200-499
very high: > 500
what is the recommended cholesterol ratio?
5 or less
T/F: cholesterol ratio is less important than total cholesterol number
true!
screening for lipid disorders (men)
20-35 y/o and at risk of CHD
All men > 35 y/o
screening for lipid disorders (women)
20-45 y/o and at risk of CHD
All men > 45 y/o
what is the recommended frequency of screening for lipid disorders?
At least every 5 yrs
Could be more frequently based on results and risk profile
screening for lipid disorders (children/adolescents)
should have their cholesterol checked at least once btw ages 9-11 and again btw ages 17-21
what drug causes red face due to vasodilation?
niacin
what vitamin can be used as a supplement to help lower cholesterol?
vitamin B3
Pts with DM are considered to exhibit ____ dysfunction
LV diastolic
After injury/insult (such as an MI), what happens to serum CPK levels?
Rise: 4-6 hrs
Peak: 12-24 hrs
Remain elevated: 4-5 days
normal CPK range
0-175 IU/L
myoglobin is a potential diagnostic tool for ____ MI
acute
After injury/insult (such as an MI), what happens to serum myoglobin levels?
Can be detected as early as 2 hrs after injury
Peaks 3-15 hrs after injury
Why is a liver panel of interest post-MI?
Cardiac pump dysfunction = reduced liver perfusion = passive congestion = increase in the components of a liver panel
ANP is released in response to ____
atrial distension
what is the gold standard for measurement of heart failure (compensated and uncompensated)?
BNP
hs-CRP cut-off values
Normal/low risk: < 1 mg/L
High risk: 1 - 3 mg/L
If > 10 mg/L → evaluated to exclude non-CV diseases
serum creatinine levels reflect function of what organ?
kidney
Elevated serum creatinine may be an independent predictor of ____
CV mortality
