biology1

Question 1

What is DNA?

Answer 1

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the molecule that carries genetic information in all living organisms, structured as a double helix.

Question 2

Define “allele.”

Answer 2

An allele is a variant form of a gene. Different alleles can result in different traits, such as eye color

Question 3

What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?

Answer 3

A dominant allele only needs one copy to express a trait, while a recessive allele requires two copies to show the trait.

Question 4

Define “genotype” and “phenotype.”

Answer 4

Genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, while phenotype is the physical expression of the genotype (traits).

Question 5

What is genetic engineering?

Answer 5

Genetic engineering is the modification of an organism’s genome by introducing genes from another species to produce desired traits.

Question 6

Define “active transport.”

Answer 6

Active transport is the movement of substances against a concentration gradient, from low to high concentration, using energy from respiration.

Question 7

What is the cell cycle?

Answer 7

The cell cycle is a series of stages that cells go through to grow and divide, including interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.

Question 8

What are stem cells?

Answer 8

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the potential to become different types of cells and can divide to produce new cells.

Question 9

Define “osmosis.”

Answer 9

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water concentration.

Question 10

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 10

Mitochondria are the “powerhouses” of the cell, where respiration occurs to release energy for the cell.

Question 11

How does the body’s immune system respond to pathogens?

Answer 11

The immune system produces white blood cells that engulf pathogens, produce antibodies, and release antitoxins to neutralize toxins.

Question 12

What is the role of enzymes in the digestive system?

Answer 12

Enzymes break down large, complex food molecules into smaller, soluble molecules that can be absorbed by the body.

Question 13

What is osmosis?

Answer 13

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.

Question 14

How does a bacterial cell differ from a plant cell?

Answer 14

Bacterial cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while plant cells have a nucleus, chloroplasts, and other organelles.

Question 15

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 15

Mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration, where energy is released for the cell.

Question 16

What are the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 16

Prokaryotic cells are smaller, lack a nucleus, and have no membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and contain membrane-bound organelles.

Question 17

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 17

Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis in the cell.

Question 18

Describe the process of cell differentiation.

Answer 18

Cell differentiation is when cells become specialized to perform specific functions, often occurring during the development of an organism.

Question 19

How does the structure of a root hair cell aid its function?

Answer 19

Root hair cells have a large surface area to absorb more water and minerals from the soil.

Question 20

Describe how the structure of the alveoli is suited for gas exchange.

Answer 20

Alveoli have a large surface area, thin walls, and are surrounded by capillaries, which allow efficient exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide