Biology 2

Question 1

What is the role of bile in digestion?

Answer 1

Bile neutralizes stomach acid and emulsifies fats, making it easier for enzymes to digest them in the small intestine.

Question 2

Explain how enzymes work using the “lock and key” model.

Answer 2

In the lock and key model, the enzyme (lock) has an active site that matches the shape of a specific substrate (key). When the substrate binds, the enzyme catalyzes the reaction.

Question 3

Describe how the structure of the alveoli is suited for gas exchange

Answer 3

Alveoli have a large surface area, thin walls, and are surrounded by capillaries, which allow efficient exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 4

How do vaccinations work?

Answer 4

Vaccinations introduce a dead or weakened form of a pathogen to stimulate the immune system, allowing it to create antibodies and remember the pathogen for future infections.

Question 5

What is the function of white blood cells in the immune response?

Answer 5

White blood cells identify and destroy pathogens by producing antibodies, engulfing pathogens, or releasing antitoxins.

Question 6

Name two bacterial infections and two viral infections

Answer 6

Bacterial: Salmonella, Gonorrhea; Viral: Measles, HIV.

Question 7

Write the word equation for photosynthesis.

Answer 7

Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen.

Question 8

Where in the cell does photosynthesis occur?

Answer 8

Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells.

Question 9

What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 9

Light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and temperature

Question 10

Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

Answer 10

Aerobic respiration uses oxygen to release energy from glucose; anaerobic respiration does not use oxygen and produces less energy per glucose molecule

Question 11

What are the roles of the kidneys in homeostasis?

Answer 11

The kidneys filter blood, remove waste, and regulate water and salt balance

Question 12

What is DNA and where is it found?

Answer 12

DNA is the molecule that contains genetic information; it is found in the nucleus of cells in chromosomes.

Question 13

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Answer 13

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, while phenotype is the physical expression of the genotype.

Question 14

What is natural selection?

Answer 14

Natural selection is the process by which organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on advantageous traits to offspring.

Question 15

Explain the process of selective breeding.

Answer 15

Selective breeding involves choosing organisms with desirable traits and breeding them to enhance those traits in future generations.

Question 16

What is a producer in a food chain?

Answer 16

A producer is an organism, like a plant, that makes its own food through photosynthesis and provides energy for other organisms in the food chain.

Question 17

Define biodiversity.

Answer 17

Biodiversity is the variety of different species of organisms in an ecosystem.

Question 18

What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

Answer 18

Decomposers break down dead organisms, returning nutrients to the soil and supporting the nutrient cycle.

Question 19

How can deforestation impact the environment?

Answer 19

Deforestation can lead to loss of habitat, reduced biodiversity, and increased carbon dioxide levels, contributing to climate change.