BIOLOGY

Question 1

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 1

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants use sunlight to make glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water.

Question 2

Define “transpiration.”

Answer 2

Transpiration is the process of water vapor leaving the plant through the stomata in the leaves.

Question 3

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 3

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are the site of photosynthesis in plant cells.

Question 4

Explain the role of xylem and phloem.

Answer 4

Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to leaves, while phloem transports sugars produced in photosynthesis to other parts of the plant.

Question 5

What are stomata?

Answer 5

Stomata are small pores on the surface of leaves that allow gases (like oxygen and carbon dioxide) to enter and exit the plant.

Question 6

Define “pathogen.”

Answer 6

A pathogen is a microorganism, such as a virus, bacteria, fungus, or protist, that causes disease.

Question 7

What is an antibody?

Answer 7

An antibody is a protein produced by white blood cells that binds to antigens on pathogens, helping to neutralize or destroy them.

Question 8

What is herd immunity?

Answer 8

Herd immunity is when a large proportion of a population is immune to a disease, reducing its spread and protecting those who are not immune.

Question 9

Define “vaccine.”

Answer 9

A vaccine is a substance that stimulates the body’s immune response to recognize and fight specific pathogens without causing disease.

Question 10

What is the difference between bacterial and viral infections?

Answer 10

Bacterial infections are caused by bacteria and can often be treated with antibiotics, while viral infections are caused by viruses and are usually treated with antiviral drugs or prevented with vaccines.

Question 11

What is homeostasis?

Answer 11

Homeostasis is the process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment despite external changes, such as temperature and pH balance

Question 12

Define “hormone.”

Answer 12

A hormone is a chemical messenger produced by glands, which travels through the bloodstream to target organs, regulating body processes.

Question 13

What are the components of blood?

Answer 13

Blood is composed of red blood cells (carry oxygen), white blood cells (fight infection), platelets (clotting), and plasma (transports substances).

Question 14

What is the function of the kidneys?

Answer 14

The kidneys filter waste from the blood, regulate water balance, and produce urine.

Question 15

What is the role of insulin in the body?

Answer 15

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood glucose levels by allowing cells to absorb glucose from the blood.

Question 16

What is a “producer” in an ecosystem?

Answer 16

A producer is an organism, like a plant, that can make its own food through photosynthesis and provides energy for other organisms in a food chain.

Question 17

Define “trophic level.”

Answer 17

A trophic level is a position in a food chain, such as producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, etc.

Question 18

What is biodiversity?

Answer 18

Biodiversity is the variety of all living organisms in a particular area, ecosystem, or across the planet.

Question 19

What is bioaccumulation?

Answer 19

Bioaccumulation is the buildup of toxic substances in organisms as it moves up the food chain, affecting higher-level consumers the most.

Question 20

Explain the carbon cycle.

Answer 20

The carbon cycle is the process by which carbon is exchanged among the atmosphere, organisms, soil, and oceans, involving processes like photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition.