Biology yr9

Question 1

What is the function of the cell membrane

Answer 1

Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Question 2

What is the function of the nucleus

Answer 2

Contains DNA

Question 3

What is the function of the mitochondria

Answer 3

Site of respiration

Question 4

What is the function of ribosomes

Answer 4

The site of protein synthesis

Question 5

What is the function of cytoplasm

Answer 5

Jelly like substance where chemical reactions happen

Question 6

What is the function of the vacuole

Answer 6

Contains cell sap

Question 7

What is the function of chloroplasts

Answer 7

Contains chlorophyll to absorb light energy for photosynthesis

Question 8

What is the function of the cell wall

Answer 8

Gives the cell shape and structure

Question 9

What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells

Answer 9

• single celled
• no nucleus, has single loop of DNA + has small rings of DNA called plasmids
• smaller than eukaryotic cells

Question 10

What is the function of a sperm cell

Answer 10

Fertilise an egg

Question 11

What is the function of the red blood cell

Answer 11

Transport oxygen around the body

Question 12

What is the function of the muscle cell

Answer 12

Contract and relax to allow movement

Question 13

What is the function of the nerve cell

Answer 13

Carry electrical impulses around the body

Question 14

What sit he function of the root har cell

Answer 14

To absorb mineral ions and water from the soil

Question 15

What is the function of the palisade cell

Answer 15

Enable photosynthesis in the leaf

Question 16

What are the adaptations of the sperm cell

Answer 16

• Tail to swim and fertilise the egg
• Lots of mitochondria to release energy allowing the sperm to swim to the egg
• streamlined head for easy movement

Question 17

What are the adaptations of the red blood cell

Answer 17

• no nucleus = room to carry oxygen
• contains haemoglobin that binds oxygen to the molecules
• flat bi-concave disk shape to increase surface area to volume ratio

Question 18

What are the adaptations of the muscle cell

Answer 18

• contains protein fibres, which can contract to make the cell shorter
  -contains lots of mitochondria to release energy from respiration , allowing the muscles to contract

Question 19

What are the adaptations of a nerve cell

Answer 19

• branched ending to make connections with other neurones

Question 20

What are the adaptations of the root hair cell

Answer 20

• long projection speeds up the absorption of water and mineral ions by increasing the surface area of the cell
• lots of mitochondria to release energy for the active transport of mineral ions from the soil

Question 21

What are the adaptations of palisade cells

Answer 21

• lots of chloroplasts including chlorophyll to absorb light energy
• located at the top part of surface of a leaf where it can absorb the most light energy

Question 22

What is the definition of diffusion

Answer 22

The spreading out of particles from a high consecration to a low concentration.

Question 23

What is the definition of osmosis

Answer 23

The diffusion of water from an area of a lower solute concentration to an area of a higher solute concentration, through a partially permeable membrane

Question 24

What is the definition of active transport

Answer 24

The movement of particles against the concentration gradient from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, using energy from respiration

Question 25

What is a cell

Answer 25

Basic building blocks

Question 26

What is a tissue

Answer 26

Groups of cells that have similar structures and functions

Question 27

What is an organ

Answer 27

Groups of tissues working together to perform a specific structure

Question 28

What is an organ system

Answer 28

Group of organs working together

Question 29

What is an organism

Answer 29

Organ systems work together to produce an organism

Question 30

In what order are the five levels of organisation in living organisms

Answer 30

Cell - tissues - organs - organ system - organism

Question 31

What is the function of the pancreas

Answer 31

Makes enzymes - amylase, protease and lipase

Question 32

What is the function of the liver

Answer 32

Makes bile

Question 33

What is the function of the gall bladder

Answer 33

Stores bile

Question 34

What is the function of the small intestine

Answer 34

Where digested food is absorbed into the blood

Question 35

What is the function of the large intestine

Answer 35

Where water and minerals are absorbed into the blood

Question 36

What is the function of the mouth

Answer 36

Where food id chewed

Question 37

What is the function of the salivary glands

Answer 37

Make saliva containing the enzyme amylase

Question 38

What is the function of the oesophagus

Answer 38

Carrie the food into the stomach

Question 39

What is the function of the stomach

Answer 39

- churns food - releases protease which digests proteins - releases hydrochloric acid - kills pathogens

Question 40

What is the function of the rectum

Answer 40

Stores faeces

Question 41

What is the function of the anus

Answer 41

Expels faeces

Question 42

What is bile

Answer 42

- An alkaline used to neutralise hydrochloric acid from the stomach - emulsifies fat to form small droplets with a large surface area

Question 43

Where is amylase produced

Answer 43

Salivary glands Pancreas Small intestine

Question 44

Where is protease produced

Answer 44

Stomach Pancreas Small intestine

Question 45

Where is lipase produced

Answer 45

Pancreas Small intestine

Question 46

What reaction is amylase used for

Answer 46

Starch - glucose

Question 47

What reaction is protease used for

Answer 47

Proteins - amino acids

Question 48

What reaction is lipase used for

Answer 48

Lipids - fatty acids and glycerol

Question 49

What are enzymes

Answer 49

Large proteins that speed up reactions

Question 50

What effect does pH have on enzymes

Answer 50

Different enzymes have different optimum pH values this allows enzymes to adapt to work well in the environments with different pH values

Question 51

What effect does temperature have on enzymes

Answer 51

As the temperatures increases the rate of reaction increases until it reaches the optimum temperature. After that optimum temperature the reactivity rate rapidly decreases until the enzyme is denatured

Question 52

What is denaturation

Answer 52

At extremes of pH or at very high temperatures the shape of the enzymes active rate can change. Therefore the substrate can no longer bind to the enzyme. ( The reaction cannot happen )