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Science > Biology Y10 > Flashcards

Biology Y10 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

M
R
S

C

G
R
E
N?

A

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity

Cells

Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

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2
Q

Define:

  • Organelle:
  • Cell:
  • Tissue:
  • Organ:
  • Organ system:
A
  • The smallest part of a cell with a particular job to do.
  • Smallest part of a living organism
  • A group of specialised cells that carry out a particular job.
  • A group of tissue that Carry out a job in a system.
  • A group of different organs that work together to carry out life processes in an organism
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3
Q 
The Circulatory System:
define:
-Circulation:
-The Circulatory System
What are the systems major organs?
A
  • The dissolved food and oxygen needed for respiration are carried around the body by the circulatory system.
  • The system that is responsible for the flow of blood, nutrients, oxygen and other gases, as well as hormones to and from the cells.
  • Heart, lungs Arteries and Veins.
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4
Q 
The Heart:
What is the purpose of the following?
-The Aorta
-The Vena Cava
-The pulmonary Artery
-The pulmonary Vein
A
  • Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart and to the body.
  • Carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart
  • Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
  • Carries oxygenated blood from lungs to heart.
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5
Q

The Heart:

-What are the functions of the heart?

A
  • Pump freshly oxygenated blood to the body to supply respiring cells with oxygen and nutrients
  • Pump de-oxygenated blood to to the lungs to be re-oxygenated.
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6
Q

The Heart:

-How does blood flow around the Heart work (look at diagram if you need)

A
  • Deoxygenated blood enters through the Vena Cava and empties into the Atrium
  • Once contracting blood in forced into the right ventricle where it then travel to the pulmonary artery.
  • The Pulmonary Artery sends the blood to the lungs
  • Oxygenated blood returns from the lungs to the left atrium through the pulmonary vein.
  • Left atrium contacts and blood enters left ventricle.
  • Oxygenated blood travels through the Aorta to the rest of the body.
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7
Q 
Blood:
What is the structure and function of:
-Plasma
-Red blood cells
-White blood cells
-Platelets
A
  • Pale yellow liquid blood cells are contained in
  • Used to transport Oxygen
  • Fight infection and bacteria
  • Cause the clotting of blood (when injury occurs)
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8
Q

Blood:

-How are red blood cells adapted to increase the rate of oxygen transportation?

A
  • No Nucleus to allow space for Haemoglobin, which allow them to carry oxygen to the cells.
  • Thin outer membrane to allow oxygen to filter through easier.
  • The shape (bi-concave disk) increases surface area and allows oxygen to be absorbed efficiently.
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9
Q

Blood:

  • Artery
  • Vein
  • Capillary
A
  • Transport blood away from the heart
  • Carry blood to the heart
  • Thin walled blood vessels at the end of Arteries
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10
Q

Gas Exchange:

  • Define
  • How does it work
A
  • The swapping of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the alveoli
  • Occurs in the alveoli (each one surrounded by blood vessels)
  • Blood vessels bring in de-oxygenated blood.
  • Co2 is diffused into the membrane of the alveoli and is exhaled out.
  • The oxygen inhaled diffuses into the blood vessels.
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11
Q

Respiration:

  • What is Respiration?
  • How does it work?
A
  • chemical process in which the glucose in food is broken down in the presence of oxygen to create energy for life processes.
  • Glucose + Oxygen -> ATP + Co2 +H2O
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12
Q 
Lungs:
What is the...
-Trachea
-Rings of Cartilage
-Bronchi
A
  • Takes Oxygen from the mouth to lungs, takes carbon dioxide from lungs to mouth.
  • Prevent airway from collapsing during inhalation and exhalation.
  • The airways that lead from the trachea to the lungs, (bronchus)
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13
Q 
Lungs:
What is the...
-Bronchiole
-Lungs:
-Alveoli
A
  • One of many small branches that break off from the bronchi to the alveoli.
  • Pair of spongy, air-filled organs, deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide through gas exchange.
  • Tiny air sacs in your lungs that take in oxygen. Microscopic workhouses of the respiratory system.
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14
Q

Lungs:

  • Diaphragm
  • Ribs
A
  • Muscle located under the lungs, contracts and inflates the lungs.
  • Protect major organs.
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15
Q

Adaptions in the Alveoli

-List three

A
  • Thin membrane to maximise rate of gas exchange.
  • Produce surfactant to lubricate gas exchange surfaces to make inflating and deflating the lungs easier, also allows CO2 to dissolve before dissolving across the membrane.
  • Large surface area to maximise the rate of gas exchange.
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16
Q

Define:

  • DNA
  • Gene
  • Allele
  • Chromosome
A
  • the monocle that carries genetic instructions
  • sections of Chromosomes that code for a trait
  • The different forms of Gene
  • Threadlike structure that hold long lengths of DNA and hold many genes.
17
Q

Define:

  • Sexual reproduction

- A-sexual reproduction

A
  • Two parents contributing genetically to an offspring that looks different to the parents
  • One parent contributing genetically to an offspring that looks identical to the parent.
18
Q

Define:

  • Gamete
  • Fertilisation
  • Zygote
  • Embryo
  • Foetus
A
  • Reproductive cells
  • The fusion of two gametes
  • A fertilised egg
  • A ball of cells formed from the zygote through cell division.
  • An unborn or unhatched offspring, further developed from the offspring.
19
Q

Human Chromosomes:

  • How many chromosomes does each person have?
  • How many do each parent contribute
  • What is the importance of reproduction?
A

-46 (diploid)
-23 (haploid), one of these determine/contribute to gender.
44+xx=female
44+xy=male
-To continue a species and prevent extinction. Birth-rate must equal death rate or population will decline.

20
Q

Define:

  • Genotype
  • Phenotype
  • Homozygous
  • Heterozygous
A
  • The combination of alleles you have inherited from your parents.
  • The physical expression of your genotype
  • Two of the same alleles (bb BB)
  • One dominant one recessive allele (Bb)
21
Q

Natural Selection

  • Define:
  • What is the process
A
  • The process by which individuals with characteristics well suited to an environment leave more offspring and will be more well-suited for survival.
  • Over production of offspring + variation v
  • Different survival and reproduction v
  • Inheritance
22
Q

What is the importance of variation?

A

-Stronger organisms will hunt more, have a higher chance of survival, have higher reproduction rates and create a genetic following of a stronger wave of family.

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