Biology Y10 Flashcards
1
Q
M
R
S
C
G
R
E
N?
A
Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Cells
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition
2
Q
Define:
- Organelle:
- Cell:
- Tissue:
- Organ:
- Organ system:
A
- The smallest part of a cell with a particular job to do.
- Smallest part of a living organism
- A group of specialised cells that carry out a particular job.
- A group of tissue that Carry out a job in a system.
- A group of different organs that work together to carry out life processes in an organism
3
Q
The Circulatory System: define: -Circulation: -The Circulatory System What are the systems major organs?
A
- The dissolved food and oxygen needed for respiration are carried around the body by the circulatory system.
- The system that is responsible for the flow of blood, nutrients, oxygen and other gases, as well as hormones to and from the cells.
- Heart, lungs Arteries and Veins.
4
Q
The Heart: What is the purpose of the following? -The Aorta -The Vena Cava -The pulmonary Artery -The pulmonary Vein
A
- Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart and to the body.
- Carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart
- Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
- Carries oxygenated blood from lungs to heart.
5
Q
The Heart:
-What are the functions of the heart?
A
- Pump freshly oxygenated blood to the body to supply respiring cells with oxygen and nutrients
- Pump de-oxygenated blood to to the lungs to be re-oxygenated.
6
Q
The Heart:
-How does blood flow around the Heart work (look at diagram if you need)
A
- Deoxygenated blood enters through the Vena Cava and empties into the Atrium
- Once contracting blood in forced into the right ventricle where it then travel to the pulmonary artery.
- The Pulmonary Artery sends the blood to the lungs
- Oxygenated blood returns from the lungs to the left atrium through the pulmonary vein.
- Left atrium contacts and blood enters left ventricle.
- Oxygenated blood travels through the Aorta to the rest of the body.
7
Q
Blood: What is the structure and function of: -Plasma -Red blood cells -White blood cells -Platelets
A
- Pale yellow liquid blood cells are contained in
- Used to transport Oxygen
- Fight infection and bacteria
- Cause the clotting of blood (when injury occurs)
8
Q
Blood:
-How are red blood cells adapted to increase the rate of oxygen transportation?
A
- No Nucleus to allow space for Haemoglobin, which allow them to carry oxygen to the cells.
- Thin outer membrane to allow oxygen to filter through easier.
- The shape (bi-concave disk) increases surface area and allows oxygen to be absorbed efficiently.
9
Q
Blood:
- Artery
- Vein
- Capillary
A
- Transport blood away from the heart
- Carry blood to the heart
- Thin walled blood vessels at the end of Arteries
10
Q
Gas Exchange:
- Define
- How does it work
A
- The swapping of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the alveoli
- Occurs in the alveoli (each one surrounded by blood vessels)
- Blood vessels bring in de-oxygenated blood.
- Co2 is diffused into the membrane of the alveoli and is exhaled out.
- The oxygen inhaled diffuses into the blood vessels.
11
Q
Respiration:
- What is Respiration?
- How does it work?
A
- chemical process in which the glucose in food is broken down in the presence of oxygen to create energy for life processes.
- Glucose + Oxygen -> ATP + Co2 +H2O
12
Q
Lungs: What is the... -Trachea -Rings of Cartilage -Bronchi
A
- Takes Oxygen from the mouth to lungs, takes carbon dioxide from lungs to mouth.
- Prevent airway from collapsing during inhalation and exhalation.
- The airways that lead from the trachea to the lungs, (bronchus)
13
Q
Lungs: What is the... -Bronchiole -Lungs: -Alveoli
A
- One of many small branches that break off from the bronchi to the alveoli.
- Pair of spongy, air-filled organs, deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide through gas exchange.
- Tiny air sacs in your lungs that take in oxygen. Microscopic workhouses of the respiratory system.
14
Q
Lungs:
- Diaphragm
- Ribs
A
- Muscle located under the lungs, contracts and inflates the lungs.
- Protect major organs.
15
Q
Adaptions in the Alveoli
-List three
A
- Thin membrane to maximise rate of gas exchange.
- Produce surfactant to lubricate gas exchange surfaces to make inflating and deflating the lungs easier, also allows CO2 to dissolve before dissolving across the membrane.
- Large surface area to maximise the rate of gas exchange.
16
Q
Define:
- DNA
- Gene
- Allele
- Chromosome
A
- the monocle that carries genetic instructions
- sections of Chromosomes that code for a trait
- The different forms of Gene
- Threadlike structure that hold long lengths of DNA and hold many genes.
17
Q
Define:
- Sexual reproduction
- A-sexual reproduction
A
- Two parents contributing genetically to an offspring that looks different to the parents
- One parent contributing genetically to an offspring that looks identical to the parent.
18
Q
Define:
- Gamete
- Fertilisation
- Zygote
- Embryo
- Foetus
A
- Reproductive cells
- The fusion of two gametes
- A fertilised egg
- A ball of cells formed from the zygote through cell division.
- An unborn or unhatched offspring, further developed from the offspring.
19
Q
Human Chromosomes:
- How many chromosomes does each person have?
- How many do each parent contribute
- What is the importance of reproduction?
A
-46 (diploid)
-23 (haploid), one of these determine/contribute to gender.
44+xx=female
44+xy=male
-To continue a species and prevent extinction. Birth-rate must equal death rate or population will decline.
20
Q
Define:
- Genotype
- Phenotype
- Homozygous
- Heterozygous
A
- The combination of alleles you have inherited from your parents.
- The physical expression of your genotype
- Two of the same alleles (bb BB)
- One dominant one recessive allele (Bb)
21
Q
Natural Selection
- Define:
- What is the process
A
- The process by which individuals with characteristics well suited to an environment leave more offspring and will be more well-suited for survival.
- Over production of offspring + variation v
- Different survival and reproduction v
- Inheritance
22
Q
What is the importance of variation?
A
-Stronger organisms will hunt more, have a higher chance of survival, have higher reproduction rates and create a genetic following of a stronger wave of family.
