Biology Unit Test Review Flashcards
Air entering the lungs travels in the following path:
a. mouth/nose – alveoli – bronchioles – capillaries – trachea
b. mouth/nose – trachea – bronchioles – bronchioles – alveoli
c. mouth/nose – trachea – bronchi – bronchioles – alveoli
d. mouth/nose – bronchi – bronchioles – alveoli – capillaries
mouth/nose – trachea – bronchi – bronchioles – alveoli
The following statement is FALSE:a. Arteries always carry blood away from the heart.
b. Arteries always carry oxygen-rich blood.
c. Veins always carry blood to the heart.
d. Capillaries are small blood vessels.
Arteries always carry oxygen-rich blood.
Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory?
Cells are the smallest unit of life. c. All living things are made of one or more cells.
Cells can form from non-living matter. d. Cells divide to make copies of themselves.
Cells can form from non-living matter.
Which of the following statements about cell division (and cells) is true?Adults and children have cells that are the same size, and both adults and children have about the same number of cells.
Adults and children have cells that are the same size, but adults have many more cells than children.
Adults have larger cells than children, and adults have many more cells than children.
Adults have larger cells than children, and both adults and children have about the same number of cells.
Adults and children have cells that are the same size, but adults have many more cells than children.
What term is used to describe a group of cells that function together to perform specialized tasks?
1.organs 2.specialized cells
3.stem cells 4.tissue
Tissue
What type of tissue is blood?
a. nervous tissue b. connective tissue
c. epithelial tissue d. muscle tissue
b. connective tissue
What is the function of the organelle known as the nucleus?
to permit the cell to undergo movement
to capture the Sun’s energy and use it to produce sugars
to provide the cell with a rigid frame that provides protection and support
to hold the genetic information of the cell and to control its function
to hold the genetic information of the cell and to control its function
In what part of the body are the most nutrients absorbed?
a. mouth b. small intestine
c. stomach
d. Large intestine
small intestine
Describe the path food takes through the digestive system from the moment it enters the body (ingestion) until it exits the body (excretion).
Mouth → esophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine → rectum → anus
Starting and ending in the right atrium, trace the path of blood through the body.
Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta → arteries → arterioles → capillaries (body cells) → venules → veins → vena cava → right atrium
Describe how breathing works.
The process of respiration, during which air is inhaled into the lungs through the mouth or nose due to muscle contraction and then exhaled due to muscle relaxation.
People with a blood disorder called anemia have a deficiency of hemoglobin in their red blood cells. Hemoglobin is the protein that carries oxygen molecules on it. Explain how this disorder could affect the function of the human body.
could affect the function of the human body.
Poor delivery of O2 throughout the body.
Weakness, fatigue, dizzy, cold hands/feet
Explain the role of diffusion in the following systems:
Respiratory:
Circulatory:
Digestive:
Respiratory → O2 and CO2 moves from high concentration to low concentration
Circulatory: → nutrients, O2 and CO2 delivered to areas of the body that need them, then diffuse from high concentration to low concentration
Digestive → Nutrients are absorbed in different areas of the digestive tract such as the small intestine from high concentration to low concentration, then are transported throughout the body
Why do plant and animal cells have some of the same organelles? Describe three examples of organelles that are common to both.
Both are eukaryotic cells. Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane etc
Why do plant cells have some organelles that animal cells do not? Name three of these organelles and summarize their functions.
Different organelles perform different functions specific to the plant such as photosynthesis. Cell wall, chloroplast, large vacuole
Explain why cells are so small.
Cells are so little, so they can maximize their ratio of surface area to volume
What are the three statements that make up cell theory?
Living things are made up of one or more cells and their products
The cell is the simplest unit that can carry out all life processes
All cells come from other cells, they do not come from non-living matter
Define the term “diffusion” and explain why this process is so important to cell processes.
The net movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration
Allows for the cell to get nutrients and wastes through the cell membrane
Compare and contrast diffusion and osmosis.
Movement of solute molecules from lower concentration to a higher concentration of solution through a semipermeable membrane. Usually water.
Describe hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic solutions and their impact on a cell. Hyper: Greater outside……
Hypo: greater inside….
Iso soultes the same inside and……
Hyper (concentrated solution) - concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside therefore water will leave the cell causing it to shrink
Hypo (dilute solution) - concentration of solutes is greater inside the cell than outside the cell therefore water will flow into the cell causing it to swell
Iso (normal solution) - concentration of solutes is the same inside and outside of the cell therefore there is no net movement of water.
What are several reasons why cells divide?
Grow (go from small to larger organism), reproduce (pass on DNA - asexual = one parent, sexual = two parents), repair (old or damaged cells).
What is a cell cycle?
Three stages a cell passes through as it grows and divides; interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis. Varies in time (based on the cell type), from hours, to years, to never.
Can you describe the cell at the various stages of cell division?
Interphase: longest stage, cell grows (early interphase), duplicates DNA (late interphase), organelles (centrioles) replicate and move to poles.
Metaphase: chromatin condenses to become chromosomes. Nuclear membrane dissolves
Prophase: chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell Centrioles send out spindle fibres. .
Anaphase: centromere splits, sister chromatids move to opposite poles. Centrioles shorten spindle fibres.
Telophase: chromatids stretch out into chromatin, nuclear membrane reforms, cell appears to have two nuclei
Cytokinesis: cell membrane pinches apart at the cleavage furrow. Cytoplasm splits into two identical daughter cells.
Define the terms: “specialization”,A cell is able to… “differentiation”a process by which a cell…, and “stem cells”. they have no… jo
Specialization: a cell is able to do a specific job
Differentiation: the process by which a cell gets a specific job
Stem Cells: undifferentiated cells (they have no job yet. Two types - embryonic and adult tissue stem cells
