Biology- Unit 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

Observable characteristics of an organism

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2
Q

What is a genotype?

A

The alleles present within cells of an organism

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3
Q

What is co-dominance?

A

Both alleles contribute to the phenotype without mixing

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4
Q

What can a chi-squared test be used for?

A

Discontinuous variation data
If the sample size is large
The value obtained is compared to a critical value
If X2 is smaller than critical then accept null hypothesis

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5
Q

What is ‘stabilising’ natural selection?

A

Reduced variation in population
Conserves phenotypes already present
Selects against extreme phenotypes
Very little change

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6
Q

What is ‘disrupted’ natural selection?

A

Increases diversity of population
Small subpopulations evolve different niches
Selects for extreme phenotypes

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7
Q

What is ‘directional’ natural selection?

A

Shows a change from one phenotype to another

More advantageous to environment

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8
Q

What is a population bottleneck?

A

The effect of events that reduce the size of the population by at least half
Decrease in gene pool
Reduction in genetic diversity

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9
Q

What is the flounder effect?

A

Small number of individuals become isolated

Form a new population with allele frequencies not representative of the original population

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10
Q

What is a genetic drift?

A

Random changes in the gene pool of a population that occur by chance
Not advantageous or disadvantageous

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11
Q

What are the limitations of the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

A
No mutations
Random mating
Large population
Isolated population
No selection pressure(s)
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