Biology- Unit 1 Flashcards
What bonds are formed and what reaction occurs when two monosaccharide’s join together?
Glycosidic
Condensation
Maltose is comprised of…
Two glucose molecules
Sucrose is comprised of…
Glucose and fructose
Lactose is comprised of…
Glucose and galactose
Glycogen and starch are both formed from…
Alpha glucose
Cellulose is formed from…
Beta glucose
Describe amylose
Unbranched chain
1-4 Glycosidic bonds
Very compact
Describe amylopectin
Branched chains
1-4 and 1-6 Glycosidic bonds
More rapidly digested
What is a saturated lipid?
Animal fats
No double carbon bonds
What is an unsaturated lipid?
Found in plants
Double carbon bonds
Lower melting point
What are the properties of lipids?
Hydrophobic tails so waterproof
More gram for gram energy than carbs
insoluble
Thermal insulation
What is the structure of a triglyceride?
3 fatty acids connected to a glyceride with ester bonds
What are the properties of fibrous proteins?
Long parallel polypeptides
Very little tertiary/ quaternary structure
insoluble
Structure
What are the properties of globular proteins?
Complex tertiary/ quaternary structure
Soluble
Which nucleotides are purines?
Adenine
Guanine
Which nucleotides are pyrimidines?
Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil
Describe semi-conservative replication
DNA helicase catalyses the unwinding of the double helix
Free nucleotides attach to complimentary bases on the anti-sense strand
Phosphodiester bonds are formed catalysed by DNA polymerase
Describe protein synthesis
Transcription-
DNA uncoils catalysed by DNA helicase
Antisense strand used as template
Free nucleotides join up with complimentary base pairing- mRNA formed- RNA polymerase
mRNA moves out of nucleus and to a ribosome
Translation-
Complimentary anticodons of tRNA bind to mRNA- hydrogen bond
tRNA leaves strand after complimentary base triplets are attached to mRNA with peptid bonds
Repeated until a ‘stop’ codon is reached
What is competitive inhibition?
The inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme- can be reversed by increasing substrate conc.
What is non-competitive inhibition?
Inhibitor doesn’t bind to active site
Binds to different site and changes shape of enzyme
Substrate cannot bind to active site as shape has changed
