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Biology > Biology- Unit 1 > Flashcards

Biology- Unit 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What bonds are formed and what reaction occurs when two monosaccharide’s join together?

A

Glycosidic

Condensation

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2
Q

Maltose is comprised of…

A

Two glucose molecules

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3
Q

Sucrose is comprised of…

A

Glucose and fructose

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4
Q

Lactose is comprised of…

A

Glucose and galactose

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5
Q

Glycogen and starch are both formed from…

A

Alpha glucose

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6
Q

Cellulose is formed from…

A

Beta glucose

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7
Q

Describe amylose

A

Unbranched chain
1-4 Glycosidic bonds
Very compact

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8
Q

Describe amylopectin

A

Branched chains
1-4 and 1-6 Glycosidic bonds
More rapidly digested

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9
Q

What is a saturated lipid?

A

Animal fats

No double carbon bonds

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10
Q

What is an unsaturated lipid?

A

Found in plants
Double carbon bonds
Lower melting point

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11
Q

What are the properties of lipids?

A

Hydrophobic tails so waterproof
More gram for gram energy than carbs
insoluble
Thermal insulation

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12
Q

What is the structure of a triglyceride?

A

3 fatty acids connected to a glyceride with ester bonds

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13
Q

What are the properties of fibrous proteins?

A

Long parallel polypeptides
Very little tertiary/ quaternary structure
insoluble
Structure

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14
Q

What are the properties of globular proteins?

A

Complex tertiary/ quaternary structure

Soluble

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15
Q

Which nucleotides are purines?

A

Adenine

Guanine

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16
Q

Which nucleotides are pyrimidines?

A

Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil

17
Q

Describe semi-conservative replication

A

DNA helicase catalyses the unwinding of the double helix
Free nucleotides attach to complimentary bases on the anti-sense strand
Phosphodiester bonds are formed catalysed by DNA polymerase

18
Q

Describe protein synthesis

A

Transcription-
DNA uncoils catalysed by DNA helicase
Antisense strand used as template
Free nucleotides join up with complimentary base pairing- mRNA formed- RNA polymerase
mRNA moves out of nucleus and to a ribosome

Translation-
Complimentary anticodons of tRNA bind to mRNA- hydrogen bond
tRNA leaves strand after complimentary base triplets are attached to mRNA with peptid bonds
Repeated until a ‘stop’ codon is reached

19
Q

What is competitive inhibition?

A

The inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme- can be reversed by increasing substrate conc.

20
Q

What is non-competitive inhibition?

A

Inhibitor doesn’t bind to active site
Binds to different site and changes shape of enzyme
Substrate cannot bind to active site as shape has changed

Biology (10 decks)

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