Biology- Unit 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What bonds are formed and what reaction occurs when two monosaccharide’s join together?

A

Glycosidic

Condensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Maltose is comprised of…

A

Two glucose molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sucrose is comprised of…

A

Glucose and fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lactose is comprised of…

A

Glucose and galactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Glycogen and starch are both formed from…

A

Alpha glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cellulose is formed from…

A

Beta glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe amylose

A

Unbranched chain
1-4 Glycosidic bonds
Very compact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe amylopectin

A

Branched chains
1-4 and 1-6 Glycosidic bonds
More rapidly digested

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a saturated lipid?

A

Animal fats

No double carbon bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an unsaturated lipid?

A

Found in plants
Double carbon bonds
Lower melting point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the properties of lipids?

A

Hydrophobic tails so waterproof
More gram for gram energy than carbs
insoluble
Thermal insulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the structure of a triglyceride?

A

3 fatty acids connected to a glyceride with ester bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the properties of fibrous proteins?

A

Long parallel polypeptides
Very little tertiary/ quaternary structure
insoluble
Structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the properties of globular proteins?

A

Complex tertiary/ quaternary structure

Soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which nucleotides are purines?

A

Adenine

Guanine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which nucleotides are pyrimidines?

A

Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil

17
Q

Describe semi-conservative replication

A

DNA helicase catalyses the unwinding of the double helix
Free nucleotides attach to complimentary bases on the anti-sense strand
Phosphodiester bonds are formed catalysed by DNA polymerase

18
Q

Describe protein synthesis

A

Transcription-
DNA uncoils catalysed by DNA helicase
Antisense strand used as template
Free nucleotides join up with complimentary base pairing- mRNA formed- RNA polymerase
mRNA moves out of nucleus and to a ribosome

Translation-
Complimentary anticodons of tRNA bind to mRNA- hydrogen bond
tRNA leaves strand after complimentary base triplets are attached to mRNA with peptid bonds
Repeated until a ‘stop’ codon is reached

19
Q

What is competitive inhibition?

A

The inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme- can be reversed by increasing substrate conc.

20
Q

What is non-competitive inhibition?

A

Inhibitor doesn’t bind to active site
Binds to different site and changes shape of enzyme
Substrate cannot bind to active site as shape has changed