Biology Unit 4

Question 1

Genetics

Answer 1

The branch of biology that deals with the study of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms.

Question 2

Gamete

Answer 2

A reproductive cell (sperm or egg) that contains half the genetic material of the parent organism.

Question 3

Hybrid

Answer 3

Offspring resulting from the cross-breeding of two genetically different individuals or species.

Question 4

Allele

Answer 4

One of the possible forms of a gene, which can occupy a specific position (locus) on a chromosome.

Question 5

Dominant

Answer 5

An allele that is expressed or observed in the phenotype when present in either the homozygous or heterozygous state.

Question 6

Recessive

Answer 6

An allele that is expressed in the phenotype only when present in the homozygous state.

Question 7

Law of Segregation

Answer 7

States that during gamete formation, the alleles of each gene segregate from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene

Question 8

Phenotype

Answer 8

he observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype and influenced by environmental factors

Question 9

Genotype

Answer 9

The genetic makeup of an organism, representing the combination of alleles present at specific loci on the chromosomes

Question 10

Homozygous

Answer 10

Having two identical alleles for a particular gene

Question 11

Heterozygous

Answer 11

Having two different alleles for a particular gene

Question 12

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 12

States that alleles of different genes assort independently of each other during gamete formation, provided that the genes are located on different chromosomes

Question 13

Selective breeding

Answer 13

The process of breeding plants or animals for specific traits by choosing individuals with desirable characteristics as parents for the next generation

Question 14

Inbreeding

Answer 14

Breeding of closely related individuals within the same breed or line, often resulting in a reduction in genetic diversity

Question 15

Test cross

Answer 15

A breeding experiment used to determine the genotype of an organism exhibiting a dominant phenotype by crossing it with a homozygous recessive individual

Question 16

Pedigree

Answer 16

A diagram that shows the genetic relationships between individuals in a family over several generations, typically used to track the inheritance of traits

Question 17

Co-dominance

Answer 17

A condition in which both alleles of a gene are fully expressed in the heterozygous phenotype, resulting in a phenotype that shows both traits

Question 18

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 18

A condition in which neither allele of a gene is completely dominant over the other, resulting in a heterozygous phenotype that is a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes