Biology Unit 2 Vocab

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

Basic unit structure and organization of all living organisms

Question 2

Cell Theory

Answer 2

(1) States that organisms are made of one or more cells; (2) Cells are the basic unit of life; (3) Cells come only from other cells

Question 3

Eukaryotic Cell

Answer 3

A unicellular organism with membrane-bound nucleus and organelles; generally larger or more complex than a prokaryotic cell

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

The center of an atom contains neutrons and protons. In eukaryotic cells, the central membrane-bound organelle manages cellular functions and contains DNA.

Question 5

Organelle

Answer 5

Specialized internal cell structure that carries out specific cell functions such as protein synthesis and energy transformation

Question 6

Plasma Membrane

Answer 6

The flexible, selectively permeable boundary that helps control what enters or leaves the cell

Question 7

Prokaryotic cell

Answer 7

A microscopic unicellular organism without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles

Question 8

Phospholipid Bilayer

Answer 8

Plasma membrane layers composed of phospholipid molecules arranged with polar heads facing outside and nonpolar trails facing the inside

Question 9

Selectively Permeable

Answer 9

Property of the plasma membrane that allows it to control the movement of substances into or out of the cell

Question 10

Cilium

Answer 10

Short, hair-like projection that functions in cell movement

Question 10

Chloroplast

Answer 10

Double-membrane organelle that captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy through photosynthesis

Question 10

Cell Wall

Answer 10

In plants, the rigid barrier that surrounds the outside of the plasma membrane is made of cellulose and provides support and protection to the cell

Question 11

Centriole

Answer 11

Organelle that plays a role in cell division and is made of microtubules

Question 12

Cytoplasm

Answer 12

Semifluid material inside the cell’s plasma membrane

Question 13

Cytoskeleton

Answer 13

Supporting network of protein fibers that provide a framework for the cell within the cytoplasm

Question 14

Endoplasmic Recticulium

Answer 14

Highly folded membrane system in eukaryotic cells that is the site of protein and lipid synthesis

Question 15

Flagellum

Answer 15

Long, tail-like projection with whiplike or propeller motion that helps a cell move

Question 16

Lysosome

Answer 16

Vesicle that uses enzymes to digest excess or work out cellular substances

Question 17

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 17

Flattened stack of tubular membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles and transports them to other organelles or out of the cell

Question 18

Mitochondrion

Answer 18

Membrane-bound organelles that convert fuel into energy that is available to the rest of the cell

Question 19

Nucleous

Answer 19

The site of ribosome production within the nucleus of eukaryotic cell

Question 20

Ribosome

Answer 20

A simple cell organelle that helps manufacture proteins

Question 21

Vacuole

Answer 21

Membran-bound vesicle for temporary storage of materials such as foods, enzymes, and wastes

Question 22

Diffusion

Answer 22

Net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 23

Active Transport

Answer 23

The energy-required process by which substances move across the plasma membrane against a concentration gradient

Question 24

Endocytosis

Answer 24

The energy-requiring process by which large substances from the outside environment can enter a cell

Question 25

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 25

Passive transport of ions and small molecules across the plasma membrane by transport proteins

Question 26

Hypertonic solution

Answer 26

A solution that has a lower concentration of solute outside the cell, causing water to flow into the cell by osmosis

Question 27

Isotonic solution

Answer 27

A solution with the same concentration of water and solutes as inside a cell, resulting in the cell retaining its normal shape be there is no net movement of water.

Question 28

Osmosis

Answer 28

Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane