Biology Unit 3: Reproduction Flashcards
What is Asexual Reproduction?
Asexual Reproduction is Making more copies of the Original Organism, they are all Identical Clones.
What is Sexual Reproduction?
Sexual Reproduction is Reproduction involving Two Individuals, Creates Variation in offspring
What is Mitosis?
Mitosis is Cell Division for Growth and Repair, makes identical daughter cells
What is Meiosis?
Meiosis is Cell Division for Producing Gametes, occurs in the Testis and Ovaries and makes Cells with Half the original Chromosome number
What is Binary Fission?
Binary Fission is the way that Bacteria Reproduce, very Similar to Mitosis
What is Budding?
Budding: is the Way that Single Celled Fungi like Yeast Reproduce, similar to Binary Fission
What is Tubers?
Tubers is an Underground Nutrient Storage that some Plants use, can grow into new plants
What is Corms?
Corms are and Underground Nutrient Storage used by some Plants, similar to Tubers but Grows Right next to the Parent Plant Stem
What is Germination?
Germination is the Name of the Process when Seeds Start to Grow, requires Water, Oxygen and the Right Temperature for the type of seed
What are Hormones?
Hormones are Chemicals that act as Messengers in the living things, they are Produced by Glands and are often Moved around the Body through the Bloodstream
What are Runners?
Runners: Some Plants are able to send out A Shoot that touches the ground and Grows it’s own Roots, this will eventually develop into a new copy of the original Plant.
What are Gametes?
Parents produce Reproductive Cells, called Gametes, that Fuse Together to form an Offspring. Each Gamete has Half the Genetic Information, so when they combine there is all the information required to make a new organism.
What is the Life Cycle of Flowering Plants?
Life Cycle of Flowering Plants:
- Seed
- Germination
- Seedling
- Mature Plant
- Flowering
Explain a Plant Seed
Flowering Plants begin their lives as seeds. Seeds are like Baby Plants. They have a hard outer shell that protects the seed embryo inside
What is Germination?
When a Seed begins to grow, this is called Germination.
The Conditions required for Germination are Oxygen, Water, and the Correct Temperature. The first growth will usually be roots (radicle) followed by the stem and leaves (plumule)
What is a Seedling?
When the First Leaves and Stem Appears above the Soil, this is called a Seedling
What is a Mature Plant?
The seedling will continue to grow into a Full Mature Plant with Leaves, Roots, and Stems.
Define a Flowering Plant
The mature plant will Grow Flowers. Through Pollination, the Flowers will Produce Seeds.
When the Seeds end up on the Ground, the cycle will begin again.
What are the Male and Female Parts of a Flower?
Male: The Stamen is the Male part of the plant, the Anther makes pollen
Female: The Carpel is the Female part of the plant, the pollen needs to get to the Stigma in order to produce seeds.
What is Pollentation?
When a Pollen grain gets to the stigma of the Flower is called Pollination
In a Plant, What is Fertilisation?
A Pollen Tube grows down through the Style until it reaches the Ovule, once it gets there it will fuse with the Ovum (egg cell). This is called Fertilisation
Where is the Fruit Formed in a Flower?
The fruit of a plant is usually formed from the ovary of the flower
What is a “False Fruit”?
False Fruits happen when Other parts of the Flower Fuse and Swell, not just the Ovary.
What are the 2 Different Types of Pollination?
The 2 Different Types of Pollination are:
- Animal Pollination
- Wind Pollination
What are the Attributes of Animal Pollinated Flowers?
Animal Pollinated Flowers:
- Tend to be Brightly Coloured
- Have a Distinctive Scent
- May Produce Nectar
- Have Larger Flowers with the Anther and Stigma separated
- Tend to Produce less Pollen than wind pollinated flowers
What are the Attributes of Wind Pollinated Flowers?
Wind Pollinated Flowers
- Tend to be Green or Dull, they may not be easy to make out
- The Anthers are exposed to Catch the Wind
- Tend to Produce Large amounts of Pollen
- No Scent
- No Nectar
