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9th Grade 2023-2024 > Biology Unit 1 > Flashcards

Biology Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

True or false: In order to be living, an object only needs to possess half of the characteristics of living things.

A

False! It must have all 8.

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2
Q

Biotic

A

living

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3
Q

Abiotic

A

nonliving

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4
Q

four NEEDS of all living things

A

Food, water, shelter, and air/oxygen

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5
Q

Responding to stimuli is an example of a characteristic all living things possess. Provide an example of an internal responses and external response.

A

Internal: when you are hungry and your stomach growls
External: when you’re hot your body sweat to cool down & when you ‘re cold your body shiver to heat up

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6
Q

What are the 8 characteristics of living things?

A

Cells
DNA
Homeostasis
Grow and Develop
Respond to stimuli
Metabolism (obtain and use energy)
Reproduction
Adaptations/Evolution

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7
Q

What are the monomers of proteins and carbohydrates?

A

Proteins: amino acids
Carbohydrates: monosaccharides

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8
Q

What elements are found in EVERY macromolecule?

A

Hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon

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9
Q

one similarity and one difference between carbohydrates and lipids

A

Similarity: both are an energy source
Difference: one is long-term energy while the other is short-term energy

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10
Q

For a LIPID, provide:
1. The monomer
2. An example
3. One function

A

Monomer: fatty acids and glycerol
Examples: Fats, oils, steroids, butter, cholesterol
Function: makes up cell membrane, insulation, and long-term energy source

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11
Q

What are the three parts of a nucleic acid, and what are the monomers called?

A

Monomers: nucleotides
Three parts of a nucleotide: Sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate group

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12
Q

What is the term used to indicate that our body’s are stable, or balanced?

A

Homeostasis

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13
Q

What type of feedback loop releases a response in the opposite direction of the stimulus?

A

Negative feedback

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14
Q

What are TWO body systems that help regulate body temperature?

A

Cardiovascular/Circulatory, Muscular, Integumentary, Endocrine, Nervous

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15
Q

What is one example of a positive feedback loop?

A

Labor/Childbirth

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16
Q

What are the 11 body systems?

A
  1. Circulatory/Cardiovascular
  2. Skeletal
  3. Muscular
  4. Integumentary
  5. Endocrine
  6. Digestive
  7. Respiratory
  8. Nervous
  9. Immune/Lymphatic
  10. Excretory/Urinary
  11. Reproductive
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17
Q

What is a dependent variable?

A

The variable that is being measured in an experiment (y)

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18
Q

What are the two types of graphs we talked about in class?

A

Bar and Line graphs

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19
Q

List what each part of the acronym TAILS stands for.

A

Title
Axis
Intervals
Labels
Scale

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20
Q

What are the two examples of nucleic acids?

A

DNA and RNA

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21
Q

Which body system is made up of organs such as the ureter, kidney, renal arteries, renal veins, sweat glands, and lungs?

A

Urinary/excretory

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22
Q

All livings things have a metabolism. Explain what this means?

A

All living things need energy and use energy. Energy is obtained through food, which is converted to energy through cell respiration. (obtain and use energy)

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23
Q

Place the following in the correct order from smallest to largest AND provide an example of each.
Molecule, atom, organ, cell, body system, tissue

A

Atom: hydrogen/oxygen
Molecule: H2O
Cell: blood cell
Tissue: nervous
Organ: Brain
Body System: Nervous system

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24
Q

Definition of Homeostasis

A

the process in which organ systems work together to maintain a stable internal environment.

25
Definition of Negative feedback
a response that is in the opposite direction of the stimulus.
26
Example of a negative feedback
Body temperature rises so you sweat to cool down.
27
Definition of Positive feedback
control center makes adjustments in the same direction as the stimulus.
28
Functions of carbohydrates
short-term energy source structure
29
Examples of carbohydrates
pastas, grains, breads, candy, cookies, glucose, sucrose, starch
30
Functions of lipids
long-term energy source insulation cell structure; cell membrane
31
Examples of lipids
butter, oil, cheese, fats, waxes, bacon
32
Functions of proteins
catalyst (speed up) for chemical reactions build muscles cell transport structure work in immune system
33
Examples of proteins
meat, nuts, eggs, beans, milk, cheese, enzymes
34
Function of nucleic acids
contain and transfer genetic information
35
Circulatory/Cardiovascular Key word & Functions
Key word: Transport Functions: -helps to regulate body temperature -fights infection -removes cell waste -bring oxygens, nutrients, and hormones to cells
36
Circulatory/Cardiovascular Organs & cells
Organs: Heart and blood vessels Cells: red and white blood cells
37
Skeletal Key word & Functions
Key word: support, protection Functions: -protects internal organs -stores and releases minerals and fats -forms red blood cells -support the body -movement
38
Skeletal Organs & cells
Organs: bones, cartilage, ligaments Cell: osteocytes
39
Muscular: Key word & Functions
Key word: movement Functions: -movement -maintain posture -generates heat -circulates blood -stabilizes joints
40
Muscular: Organs & cells
Organs: muscles. tendons Cells: -cardiac muscle cells -smooth muscle cells -skeletal muscle cells
41
Integumentary: Key word & Functions
Keyword: barrier to the outside world, regulates temperature Functions: -removes waste -sensory structure -store Vitamin D -prevents water loss -regulates body temperature -serves as a barrier against infection and injury
42
Integumentary: Organs & Cells
Organs: skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, oil glands Cells: -squamous cells -melanocytes (for pigmentation/color) -Langerhans cells to fight infections
43
Endocrine: Keyword & Functions
Keyword: regulation, feedback, hormones, homeostasis Functions: -controls growth, development, and metabolism -maintains homeostasis (through feedback)
44
Endocrine: Organs & Cells
Organs: -glands that produce hormones: pituitary, hypothalamus, thyroid -organs that produce hormones: pancreas, heart, testes, ovaries, kidneys Cells: secretory epithelial cells
45
Digestive: Keyword & Functions
Keyword: metabolism, breaking down food Function: breaks down food and absorbs nutrients
46
Digestive: Organs & Cells
Organs: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder Cells: secretory cells, ciliated cells, and G cells produce digestive enzymes
47
Respiratory Function
exchanges gases-takes in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide.
48
Respiratory Organs and Cells
Organs: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs Cells: ciliated cells, basal cells, goblet cells
49
Nervous Functions
regulates/coordinates body functions through transmission of electrical signals. receives sensory information, professes the information, and elicits a reaction.
50
Nervous Organs and Cells
Organs: brain. spinal cord, sense organs Cells: neurons, glial cells
51
Immune/Lymphatic Functions
absorbs excess fluids and fats works with the immune system to fight disease and infection
52
Immune/Lymphatic Organs and Cells
Organs: Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus gland, spleen Cells: lymphocytes (B and T cells) & phagocytes
53
Excretory/Urinary Functions
removes toxins, waste, and unwanted materials
54
Excretory/Urinary Organs and Cells
Organs: kidneys, bladder, liver, sweat glands, lungs Cells: duct cells, gland cells, canal cells
55
Reproductive Function
to produce egg and sperm cells
56
Reproductive Organs and Cells
Organs: testes, prostate, penis, ovaries, uteri/uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina, etc. Cells: sex cells (gametes; sperm and egg)
57
Contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Proteins
58
One type is a polysaccharide
Carbohydrates

9th Grade 2023-2024 (5 decks)

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