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9th Grade 2023-2024 > Biology Unit 1 > Flashcards

Biology Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

True or false: In order to be living, an object only needs to possess half of the characteristics of living things.

A

False! It must have all 8.

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2
Q

Biotic

A

living

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3
Q

Abiotic

A

nonliving

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4
Q

four NEEDS of all living things

A

Food, water, shelter, and air/oxygen

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5
Q

Responding to stimuli is an example of a characteristic all living things possess. Provide an example of an internal responses and external response.

A

Internal: when you are hungry and your stomach growls
External: when you’re hot your body sweat to cool down & when you ‘re cold your body shiver to heat up

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6
Q

What are the 8 characteristics of living things?

A

Cells
DNA
Homeostasis
Grow and Develop
Respond to stimuli
Metabolism (obtain and use energy)
Reproduction
Adaptations/Evolution

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7
Q

What are the monomers of proteins and carbohydrates?

A

Proteins: amino acids
Carbohydrates: monosaccharides

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8
Q

What elements are found in EVERY macromolecule?

A

Hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon

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9
Q

one similarity and one difference between carbohydrates and lipids

A

Similarity: both are an energy source
Difference: one is long-term energy while the other is short-term energy

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10
Q

For a LIPID, provide:
1. The monomer
2. An example
3. One function

A

Monomer: fatty acids and glycerol
Examples: Fats, oils, steroids, butter, cholesterol
Function: makes up cell membrane, insulation, and long-term energy source

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11
Q

What are the three parts of a nucleic acid, and what are the monomers called?

A

Monomers: nucleotides
Three parts of a nucleotide: Sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate group

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12
Q

What is the term used to indicate that our body’s are stable, or balanced?

A

Homeostasis

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13
Q

What type of feedback loop releases a response in the opposite direction of the stimulus?

A

Negative feedback

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14
Q

What are TWO body systems that help regulate body temperature?

A

Cardiovascular/Circulatory, Muscular, Integumentary, Endocrine, Nervous

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15
Q

What is one example of a positive feedback loop?

A

Labor/Childbirth

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16
Q

What are the 11 body systems?

A
  1. Circulatory/Cardiovascular
  2. Skeletal
  3. Muscular
  4. Integumentary
  5. Endocrine
  6. Digestive
  7. Respiratory
  8. Nervous
  9. Immune/Lymphatic
  10. Excretory/Urinary
  11. Reproductive
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17
Q

What is a dependent variable?

A

The variable that is being measured in an experiment (y)

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18
Q

What are the two types of graphs we talked about in class?

A

Bar and Line graphs

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19
Q

List what each part of the acronym TAILS stands for.

A

Title
Axis
Intervals
Labels
Scale

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20
Q

What are the two examples of nucleic acids?

A

DNA and RNA

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21
Q

Which body system is made up of organs such as the ureter, kidney, renal arteries, renal veins, sweat glands, and lungs?

A

Urinary/excretory

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22
Q

All livings things have a metabolism. Explain what this means?

A

All living things need energy and use energy. Energy is obtained through food, which is converted to energy through cell respiration. (obtain and use energy)

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23
Q

Place the following in the correct order from smallest to largest AND provide an example of each.
Molecule, atom, organ, cell, body system, tissue

A

Atom: hydrogen/oxygen
Molecule: H2O
Cell: blood cell
Tissue: nervous
Organ: Brain
Body System: Nervous system

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24
Q

Definition of Homeostasis

A

the process in which organ systems work together to maintain a stable internal environment.

25
Q

Definition of Negative feedback

A

a response that is in the opposite direction of the stimulus.

26
Q

Example of a negative feedback

A

Body temperature rises so you sweat to cool down.

27
Q

Definition of Positive feedback

A

control center makes adjustments in the same direction as the stimulus.

28
Q

Functions of carbohydrates

A

short-term energy source
structure

29
Q

Examples of carbohydrates

A

pastas, grains, breads, candy, cookies, glucose, sucrose, starch

30
Q

Functions of lipids

A

long-term energy source
insulation
cell structure; cell membrane

31
Q

Examples of lipids

A

butter, oil, cheese, fats, waxes, bacon

32
Q

Functions of proteins

A

catalyst (speed up) for chemical reactions
build muscles
cell transport
structure
work in immune system

33
Q

Examples of proteins

A

meat, nuts, eggs, beans, milk, cheese, enzymes

34
Q

Function of nucleic acids

A

contain and transfer genetic information

35
Q

Circulatory/Cardiovascular
Key word & Functions

A

Key word: Transport
Functions:
-helps to regulate body temperature
-fights infection
-removes cell waste
-bring oxygens, nutrients, and hormones to cells

36
Q

Circulatory/Cardiovascular
Organs & cells

A

Organs: Heart and blood vessels
Cells: red and white blood cells

37
Q

Skeletal
Key word & Functions

A

Key word: support, protection
Functions:
-protects internal organs
-stores and releases minerals and fats
-forms red blood cells
-support the body
-movement

38
Q

Skeletal
Organs & cells

A

Organs: bones, cartilage, ligaments
Cell: osteocytes

39
Q

Muscular: Key word & Functions

A

Key word: movement
Functions:
-movement
-maintain posture
-generates heat
-circulates blood
-stabilizes joints

40
Q

Muscular: Organs & cells

A

Organs: muscles. tendons
Cells:
-cardiac muscle cells
-smooth muscle cells
-skeletal muscle cells

41
Q

Integumentary: Key word & Functions

A

Keyword: barrier to the outside world, regulates temperature
Functions:
-removes waste
-sensory structure
-store Vitamin D
-prevents water loss
-regulates body temperature
-serves as a barrier against infection and injury

42
Q

Integumentary: Organs & Cells

A

Organs: skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, oil glands
Cells:
-squamous cells
-melanocytes (for pigmentation/color)
-Langerhans cells to fight infections

43
Q

Endocrine: Keyword & Functions

A

Keyword: regulation, feedback, hormones, homeostasis
Functions:
-controls growth, development, and metabolism
-maintains homeostasis (through feedback)

44
Q

Endocrine: Organs & Cells

A

Organs:
-glands that produce hormones: pituitary, hypothalamus, thyroid
-organs that produce hormones: pancreas, heart, testes, ovaries, kidneys
Cells: secretory epithelial cells

45
Q

Digestive: Keyword & Functions

A

Keyword: metabolism, breaking down food
Function: breaks down food and absorbs nutrients

46
Q

Digestive: Organs & Cells

A

Organs: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder
Cells: secretory cells, ciliated cells, and G cells produce digestive enzymes

47
Q

Respiratory Function

A

exchanges gases-takes in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide.

48
Q

Respiratory Organs and Cells

A

Organs: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs
Cells: ciliated cells, basal cells, goblet cells

49
Q

Nervous Functions

A

regulates/coordinates body functions through transmission of electrical signals.
receives sensory information, professes the information, and elicits a reaction.

50
Q

Nervous Organs and Cells

A

Organs: brain. spinal cord, sense organs
Cells: neurons, glial cells

51
Q

Immune/Lymphatic Functions

A

absorbs excess fluids and fats
works with the immune system to fight disease and infection

52
Q

Immune/Lymphatic Organs and Cells

A

Organs: Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus gland, spleen
Cells: lymphocytes (B and T cells) & phagocytes

53
Q

Excretory/Urinary Functions

A

removes toxins, waste, and unwanted materials

54
Q

Excretory/Urinary Organs and Cells

A

Organs: kidneys, bladder, liver, sweat glands, lungs
Cells: duct cells, gland cells, canal cells

55
Q

Reproductive Function

A

to produce egg and sperm cells

56
Q

Reproductive Organs and Cells

A

Organs: testes, prostate, penis, ovaries, uteri/uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina, etc.
Cells: sex cells (gametes; sperm and egg)

57
Q

Contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

A

Proteins

58
Q

One type is a polysaccharide

A

Carbohydrates

9th Grade 2023-2024 (5 decks)

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