Biology Unit 1 Flashcards
True or false: In order to be living, an object only needs to possess half of the characteristics of living things.
False! It must have all 8.
Biotic
living
Abiotic
nonliving
four NEEDS of all living things
Food, water, shelter, and air/oxygen
Responding to stimuli is an example of a characteristic all living things possess. Provide an example of an internal responses and external response.
Internal: when you are hungry and your stomach growls
External: when you’re hot your body sweat to cool down & when you ‘re cold your body shiver to heat up
What are the 8 characteristics of living things?
Cells
DNA
Homeostasis
Grow and Develop
Respond to stimuli
Metabolism (obtain and use energy)
Reproduction
Adaptations/Evolution
What are the monomers of proteins and carbohydrates?
Proteins: amino acids
Carbohydrates: monosaccharides
What elements are found in EVERY macromolecule?
Hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon
one similarity and one difference between carbohydrates and lipids
Similarity: both are an energy source
Difference: one is long-term energy while the other is short-term energy
For a LIPID, provide:
1. The monomer
2. An example
3. One function
Monomer: fatty acids and glycerol
Examples: Fats, oils, steroids, butter, cholesterol
Function: makes up cell membrane, insulation, and long-term energy source
What are the three parts of a nucleic acid, and what are the monomers called?
Monomers: nucleotides
Three parts of a nucleotide: Sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate group
What is the term used to indicate that our body’s are stable, or balanced?
Homeostasis
What type of feedback loop releases a response in the opposite direction of the stimulus?
Negative feedback
What are TWO body systems that help regulate body temperature?
Cardiovascular/Circulatory, Muscular, Integumentary, Endocrine, Nervous
What is one example of a positive feedback loop?
Labor/Childbirth
What are the 11 body systems?
- Circulatory/Cardiovascular
- Skeletal
- Muscular
- Integumentary
- Endocrine
- Digestive
- Respiratory
- Nervous
- Immune/Lymphatic
- Excretory/Urinary
- Reproductive
What is a dependent variable?
The variable that is being measured in an experiment (y)
What are the two types of graphs we talked about in class?
Bar and Line graphs
List what each part of the acronym TAILS stands for.
Title
Axis
Intervals
Labels
Scale
What are the two examples of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
Which body system is made up of organs such as the ureter, kidney, renal arteries, renal veins, sweat glands, and lungs?
Urinary/excretory
All livings things have a metabolism. Explain what this means?
All living things need energy and use energy. Energy is obtained through food, which is converted to energy through cell respiration. (obtain and use energy)
Place the following in the correct order from smallest to largest AND provide an example of each.
Molecule, atom, organ, cell, body system, tissue
Atom: hydrogen/oxygen
Molecule: H2O
Cell: blood cell
Tissue: nervous
Organ: Brain
Body System: Nervous system
Definition of Homeostasis
the process in which organ systems work together to maintain a stable internal environment.
Definition of Negative feedback
a response that is in the opposite direction of the stimulus.
Example of a negative feedback
Body temperature rises so you sweat to cool down.
Definition of Positive feedback
control center makes adjustments in the same direction as the stimulus.
Functions of carbohydrates
short-term energy source
structure
Examples of carbohydrates
pastas, grains, breads, candy, cookies, glucose, sucrose, starch
Functions of lipids
long-term energy source
insulation
cell structure; cell membrane
Examples of lipids
butter, oil, cheese, fats, waxes, bacon
Functions of proteins
catalyst (speed up) for chemical reactions
build muscles
cell transport
structure
work in immune system
Examples of proteins
meat, nuts, eggs, beans, milk, cheese, enzymes
Function of nucleic acids
contain and transfer genetic information
Circulatory/Cardiovascular
Key word & Functions
Key word: Transport
Functions:
-helps to regulate body temperature
-fights infection
-removes cell waste
-bring oxygens, nutrients, and hormones to cells
Circulatory/Cardiovascular
Organs & cells
Organs: Heart and blood vessels
Cells: red and white blood cells
Skeletal
Key word & Functions
Key word: support, protection
Functions:
-protects internal organs
-stores and releases minerals and fats
-forms red blood cells
-support the body
-movement
Skeletal
Organs & cells
Organs: bones, cartilage, ligaments
Cell: osteocytes
Muscular: Key word & Functions
Key word: movement
Functions:
-movement
-maintain posture
-generates heat
-circulates blood
-stabilizes joints
Muscular: Organs & cells
Organs: muscles. tendons
Cells:
-cardiac muscle cells
-smooth muscle cells
-skeletal muscle cells
Integumentary: Key word & Functions
Keyword: barrier to the outside world, regulates temperature
Functions:
-removes waste
-sensory structure
-store Vitamin D
-prevents water loss
-regulates body temperature
-serves as a barrier against infection and injury
Integumentary: Organs & Cells
Organs: skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, oil glands
Cells:
-squamous cells
-melanocytes (for pigmentation/color)
-Langerhans cells to fight infections
Endocrine: Keyword & Functions
Keyword: regulation, feedback, hormones, homeostasis
Functions:
-controls growth, development, and metabolism
-maintains homeostasis (through feedback)
Endocrine: Organs & Cells
Organs:
-glands that produce hormones: pituitary, hypothalamus, thyroid
-organs that produce hormones: pancreas, heart, testes, ovaries, kidneys
Cells: secretory epithelial cells
Digestive: Keyword & Functions
Keyword: metabolism, breaking down food
Function: breaks down food and absorbs nutrients
Digestive: Organs & Cells
Organs: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder
Cells: secretory cells, ciliated cells, and G cells produce digestive enzymes
Respiratory Function
exchanges gases-takes in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide.
Respiratory Organs and Cells
Organs: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs
Cells: ciliated cells, basal cells, goblet cells
Nervous Functions
regulates/coordinates body functions through transmission of electrical signals.
receives sensory information, professes the information, and elicits a reaction.
Nervous Organs and Cells
Organs: brain. spinal cord, sense organs
Cells: neurons, glial cells
Immune/Lymphatic Functions
absorbs excess fluids and fats
works with the immune system to fight disease and infection
Immune/Lymphatic Organs and Cells
Organs: Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus gland, spleen
Cells: lymphocytes (B and T cells) & phagocytes
Excretory/Urinary Functions
removes toxins, waste, and unwanted materials
Excretory/Urinary Organs and Cells
Organs: kidneys, bladder, liver, sweat glands, lungs
Cells: duct cells, gland cells, canal cells
Reproductive Function
to produce egg and sperm cells
Reproductive Organs and Cells
Organs: testes, prostate, penis, ovaries, uteri/uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina, etc.
Cells: sex cells (gametes; sperm and egg)
Contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Proteins
One type is a polysaccharide
Carbohydrates
