Biology Topic 10 Flashcards
Cell Cycle
An exact mechanism to ensure genetic information can be passed without error from one cell to two daughter cells in the next generation
What happens in Interphase?
The replication of DNA in the parent cell
What happens in Gap 1 of Interphase?
Cell growth Increase in cytosol Synthesis of proteins for DNA replication Mitochondria divide Chloroplasts divide
What happens in the Synthesis phase of Interphase?
DNA replication
At the end of this stage there are two identical copies of DNA
What happens in Gap 2 of Interphase?
More growth
Synthesis of proteins for nuclear division/mitosis
At the end of this stage, the cell is double it’s size
Where is and what does the G1 checkpoint check?
Towards the end of Gap 1 of Interphase
Checks that DNA isn’t damaged. If it is, it will undergo apoptosis.
Where is and what does the G2 checkpoint check?
At the end of Gap 2
Checks that DNA is replicated in full. If so it moves to mitosis and if not, apoptosis.
Where is and what does the M checkpoint check?
Occurs at the metaphase of mitosis
Ensures that chromatids are attached to correct spindles so chromatids are pulled to opposite poles.
Mitosis
Division of the nucleus into 2 identical nuclei.
Cytokinesis
Division of cytoplasm, occurs after mitosis.
Binary Fission
Equal division of the parent cell into two new cells.
Budding
Division of the cytoplasm is unequal, the new organism grows on the parent before breaking away.
Regeneration
Part of the organism breaks off and regenerates into a new individual.
Parthenogenesis
A type of cloning resulting from the formation of a new individual from an unfertilized egg.
Spore Formation
Spores are released into the environment and germinate into a new individual.
