Biology Topic 10

Question 1

Cell Cycle

Answer 1

An exact mechanism to ensure genetic information can be passed without error from one cell to two daughter cells in the next generation

Question 2

What happens in Interphase?

Answer 2

The replication of DNA in the parent cell

Question 3

What happens in Gap 1 of Interphase?

Answer 3

Cell growth
Increase in cytosol
Synthesis of proteins for DNA replication
Mitochondria divide
Chloroplasts divide

Question 4

What happens in the Synthesis phase of Interphase?

Answer 4

DNA replication

At the end of this stage there are two identical copies of DNA

Question 5

What happens in Gap 2 of Interphase?

Answer 5

More growth
Synthesis of proteins for nuclear division/mitosis
At the end of this stage, the cell is double it’s size

Question 6

Where is and what does the G1 checkpoint check?

Answer 6

Towards the end of Gap 1 of Interphase

Checks that DNA isn’t damaged. If it is, it will undergo apoptosis.

Question 7

Where is and what does the G2 checkpoint check?

Answer 7

At the end of Gap 2

Checks that DNA is replicated in full. If so it moves to mitosis and if not, apoptosis.

Question 8

Where is and what does the M checkpoint check?

Answer 8

Occurs at the metaphase of mitosis

Ensures that chromatids are attached to correct spindles so chromatids are pulled to opposite poles.

Question 9

Mitosis

Answer 9

Division of the nucleus into 2 identical nuclei.

Question 10

Cytokinesis

Answer 10

Division of cytoplasm, occurs after mitosis.

Question 11

Binary Fission

Answer 11

Equal division of the parent cell into two new cells.

Question 12

Budding

Answer 12

Division of the cytoplasm is unequal, the new organism grows on the parent before breaking away.

Question 13

Regeneration

Answer 13

Part of the organism breaks off and regenerates into a new individual.

Question 14

Parthenogenesis

Answer 14

A type of cloning resulting from the formation of a new individual from an unfertilized egg.

Question 15

Spore Formation

Answer 15

Spores are released into the environment and germinate into a new individual.

Question 16

What Happens During Prophase

Answer 16

Chromosomes become visible as they become thicker and shorter
Centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell

Question 17

What Happens During Metaphase

Answer 17

The nuclear membrane has disappeared
Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell
Mitosis spindles have attached to each chromatid’s centromere

Question 18

What Happens During Anaphase

Answer 18

Each centromere divides

Chromatids move to opposite poles of the cells

Question 19

What Happens During Telophase

Answer 19

Chromosomes become thinner and less apparent

A new nuclear membrane begins to develop around the two groups of chromatids.