Biology: The Nature and Variety of Organisms Flashcards
Characteristics of Living Organisms
-Nutrition
-Respiration
-Excretion
-Response to Surroundings
-Movement
-Homeostasis
-Reproduction
-Growth and Development
Characteristics of an animal cell
-Multicellular
-Nucleus
-Cell membrane
-Cytoplasm
-Mitochondria
-Ribosomes
Characteristics of a plant cell
-Multicellular
-Nucleus
-Cell membrane
-Cellulose cell wall
-Mitochondria
-Chloroplasts
-Ribosomes
-Carbohydrates (sucrose and starch)
Characteristics of Fungi
-Can be multicellular and unicellular
-Multicellular have mycelium bodies made of hyphae
-Chitin cell wall
-can store carbohydrates as glycogen
-Feed by saprotrophic means
Characteristics of Protoctists
-Unicellular eukaryotes
-Nucleus
-Mitochondria
-Vacuole
-Some have chloroplasts and others don’t
Characteristics of Bacteria
-Unicellular prokaryotes
-No nucleus
-Single circular chromosome of DNA
-Some have chloroplasts
-Mostly heterotrophic or autotrophic
Characteristics of Viruses
-Not living particles
-Smaller than bacteria
-Parasitical agent
-Infect all types of living beings
-No cellular structure, protein coat and single thread of DNA/RNA
Characteristics of Enzymes
-Proteins
-Biological catalysts
-Very specific (breaks down complementary shaped particles)
-Affected by pH and temperature alike
Define diffusion
Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration, to an area of lower concentration.
Define osmosis
Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration
Define active transport
Active transport is the displacement of particles against a concentration gradient using energy released from respiration.
What factors affect the movement of particles into an organism?
- Surface area to volume ratio
- Distance
- Temperature
- Concentration gradient
- Electrical charges
Define Autotrophic nutrition
Nutrition type in which organisms synthesize their own food
Define Heterotrophic nutrition
Nutrition type in which organisms consume food synthesized by other organisms (namely consuming said foreign agents)
Define Saprotrophic nutrition
Nutrition type in which organisms synthesize (digest) their food outside of their body and absorb it.
