Biology: Blood and organs

Question 1

Functions of Plasma

Answer 1

-Transports platelets, red and white blood cells
-Carries glucose and amino acids
-Carries carbon dioxide
-Transports urea to kidneys
-Carries hormones
-Contains heat energy

Question 2

Function of Platelets

Answer 2

Clog injuries

Question 3

Function of red blood cells

Answer 3

Carries haemoglobin which carries oxygen

Question 4

Adaptations of red blood cells

Answer 4

-Biconcave
-Large surface area
-No nucleus
-Flexible to fit through narrow blood vessels

Question 5

Types of white blood cells

Answer 5

-Phagocytes
-Lymphocytes

Question 6

What do phagocytes do?

Answer 6

Phagocytes are white blood cells that are non-specific. They engulf and then digest anything foreign to the body found in the blood.

Question 7

What do Lymphocytes do?

Answer 7

Lymphocytes are white blood cells that are specific. They all have different antigens on their surface. When they come across a foreign antigen, they will start producing antibodies that match its shape and attack other similar antigens.

Question 8

What are memory cells?

Answer 8

When infected with a new antigen, the body produces memory cells which remember the type of antibodies the body needs to produce to fight the unknown pathogen.

Question 9

What types of blood vessels are there?

Answer 9

-Veins: carry deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart
-Arteries: carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body
-Capillaries: carry blood very near cells so they can exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 10

Veins adaptations

Answer 10

-Thin cell walls (lower pressure, can carry more blood)
-Big lumen (allows for flow in low pressure)
-Valves that prevent blood from flowing in the wrong direction

Question 11

Arteries adaptations

Answer 11

-Strong and thick cell walls (heart pumps blood at high blood pressure)
-Elastic fibres allow arteries to expand
-Strong from thick layers of muscle

Question 12

Capillaries adaptations

Answer 12

-Really close to cells for substance exchange to happen easily
-Permeable walls for substances to diffuse in and out
-One cell thick walls for lower distance of diffusion
-Supply blood and oxygen
-Take back all wastes

Question 13

How does blood circulate around the Heart?

Answer 13

1. Deoxygenated blood gets pumped into the right atrium
2. Blood is pumped into the right ventricle and up through the pulmonary artery
3. Blood gets reoxygenated in the lungs
4. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood
5. Blood goes through the left ventricle, and is pumped through the aorta to the rest of the body (the wall of the left ventricle is thicker, as it has to pump blood to all of the body)

Question 14

What could increase heart rate?

Answer 14

-Exercise: more ATP from respiration is needed, and more CO₂ has to be excreted
-Adrenaline: When organisms are threatened, they produce adrenaline, which preemptively produces more oxygen before any action is taken.

Question 15

What is coronary heart disease?

Answer 15

Coronary heart disease is when the body can’t supply oxygen-rich blood because fats block the coronary heart arteries. There is a risk of heart attack

Question 16

Causes of coronary heart disease

Answer 16

-High saturated fat consumption leads to fat deposits in arteries
-High blood pressure from inactivity or smoking (damage of arteries, increasing chances of fatty deposits forming)