Biology Test over "Tour of the Cell" Flashcards
Types of cells
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
What prokaryotic and eukaryotic have in common?
- Bound by a selective barrier (plasma membrane)
- Semi-fluid, jellylike substance within membrane (cytosol) in which organelles are found
3.Have chromosomes - Ribosomes
Characteristics of prokaryotic cells
-No Nucleus
-DNA in an unbound region called the nucleoid
-No membrane-bound organelles
-Cytosol bound by the plasma membrane
-Small
Characteristics of eukaryotic cells
-DNA in a nucleus that is bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope
-Membrane-bound organelles
-Cytosol in the region between the plasma membrane and nucleus
-Large
List the cell organelles
-Mitochondrion
-Endoplasmic reticulum
-Golgi apparatus
-Ribosomes
-Vacuole
-Chloroplasts
-Cell membrane
-Centriole
-Vesicle
-Nucleolus
-Rough endoplasmic reticulum
-Plastid
-Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
-Chromoplast
-Nucleus
-Cytoplasm
-Lysosome
-Centrosome
-Vesicles and vacuoles
-The Golgi apparatus
Characteristics of plasma membrane
consists of both lipids and proteins
Characteristics of nucleus
contains most of the cell’s genes and is usually the most conspicuous organelle
Function of ribosomes
carry out protein synthesis in the cyrosol and outside of the endoplasmic reticulum or the nuclear envelope
Functions of Rough ER
-Has bound ribosomes, which secrete glycoproteins
-Distributes transport vesicles, proteins surrounded by membranes
-Is a membrane factory for the cell
Functions of Smooth ER
-synthesizes lipids
-Metabolizes carbohydrates
-Detoxifies poison
-stores calcium
Functions of Golgi Apparatus
-Modifies products of the ER-wrapping proteins with fat
-Manufactures certain macromolecules-lipids
-Sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles
Functions of lysosome
-Lysosomal enzymes can hydrolyze proteins, fats, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids
-Lysosome fuses with the food vacuole and digests the molecules
-Lysosomes also enzymes to recycle the cell’s own organelles and macromolecules
Function of central vacuole
Found in many mature plant cells, hold organic compounds and water
Function and description of mitochondria
-Mitochondria are nearly all eukarotic cells
-They have a smooth outer membrane and an inner membrane folded into cristae
-The inner membrane creates two compartments: intermembrane space and mitochondrial matrix
-Some metabolic steps of cellular respiration are catalysed in the mitochondrial matrix
-Cristae presents a large surface area for enzymes that synthesize ATD
Function and description of chloroplast
-The chloroplast is a member of a family of organelles called plastids
-Chloroplasts contain the green pigment chlorophyll, as well as enzymes and other molecules that function in photosynthesis
-Chloroplasts are found in leaves and other green organs of plants and in algae.