Biology Test over "Tour of the Cell" Flashcards

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1
Q

Types of cells

A

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

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2
Q

What prokaryotic and eukaryotic have in common?

A
  1. Bound by a selective barrier (plasma membrane)
  2. Semi-fluid, jellylike substance within membrane (cytosol) in which organelles are found
    3.Have chromosomes
  3. Ribosomes
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3
Q

Characteristics of prokaryotic cells

A

-No Nucleus
-DNA in an unbound region called the nucleoid
-No membrane-bound organelles
-Cytosol bound by the plasma membrane
-Small

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4
Q

Characteristics of eukaryotic cells

A

-DNA in a nucleus that is bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope
-Membrane-bound organelles
-Cytosol in the region between the plasma membrane and nucleus
-Large

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5
Q

List the cell organelles

A

-Mitochondrion
-Endoplasmic reticulum
-Golgi apparatus
-Ribosomes
-Vacuole
-Chloroplasts
-Cell membrane
-Centriole
-Vesicle
-Nucleolus
-Rough endoplasmic reticulum
-Plastid
-Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
-Chromoplast
-Nucleus
-Cytoplasm
-Lysosome
-Centrosome
-Vesicles and vacuoles
-The Golgi apparatus

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6
Q

Characteristics of plasma membrane

A

consists of both lipids and proteins

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7
Q

Characteristics of nucleus

A

contains most of the cell’s genes and is usually the most conspicuous organelle

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8
Q

Function of ribosomes

A

carry out protein synthesis in the cyrosol and outside of the endoplasmic reticulum or the nuclear envelope

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9
Q

Functions of Rough ER

A

-Has bound ribosomes, which secrete glycoproteins
-Distributes transport vesicles, proteins surrounded by membranes
-Is a membrane factory for the cell

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10
Q

Functions of Smooth ER

A

-synthesizes lipids
-Metabolizes carbohydrates
-Detoxifies poison
-stores calcium

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11
Q

Functions of Golgi Apparatus

A

-Modifies products of the ER-wrapping proteins with fat
-Manufactures certain macromolecules-lipids
-Sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles

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12
Q

Functions of lysosome

A

-Lysosomal enzymes can hydrolyze proteins, fats, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids
-Lysosome fuses with the food vacuole and digests the molecules
-Lysosomes also enzymes to recycle the cell’s own organelles and macromolecules

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13
Q

Function of central vacuole

A

Found in many mature plant cells, hold organic compounds and water

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14
Q

Function and description of mitochondria

A

-Mitochondria are nearly all eukarotic cells
-They have a smooth outer membrane and an inner membrane folded into cristae
-The inner membrane creates two compartments: intermembrane space and mitochondrial matrix
-Some metabolic steps of cellular respiration are catalysed in the mitochondrial matrix
-Cristae presents a large surface area for enzymes that synthesize ATD

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15
Q

Function and description of chloroplast

A

-The chloroplast is a member of a family of organelles called plastids
-Chloroplasts contain the green pigment chlorophyll, as well as enzymes and other molecules that function in photosynthesis
-Chloroplasts are found in leaves and other green organs of plants and in algae.

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