biology test human system Flashcards
what are cells?
the basic unit of life, they use energy, and take specific shapes to preform specific functions
what are tissues?
a group of cells that work together to preform a function. contain more than one type of cell.
name the 10/11 organ systems
nervous
respiratory
circulatory/cardiovascular
digestive
immune
musculoskeletal
excretory
endocrine
reproductive
integumentary
air is a mixture of what gasses
78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% argon, and 0.04% carbon dioxide and other
what are the 4 basic types of tissue?
connective, epithelial, muscle, nerve
what are organs
group of tissues that work together to perform a function
whats an organ system
a group of organs that interact to performs a function
why do we need oxygen?
cells use oxygen to obtain energy from food in a process called cellular respiration
how is oxygen supplied to body cells?
gas exchange, respiratory system to allow o2 and co2 to move through
what is energy and how is it stored
glucose reacts with oxygen, it is stored in ATP (used for growth etc)
what r the 4 key structures in human resp sys
1) a thin permeable resp membrane through which diffusion can occur
2) a large surface area for gas exchange
3) a good blood supply
4) a breathing system
explain the pathway of air
mouth/nose -> pharynx -> larynx -> trachea -> bronchi -> bronchioles -> alveoli
what are the 3 key players in the mechanics of breathing
brain, diaphragm, intercostal muscle
what happens when you inhale
intercostal muscles contract, ribs pull up and out, air pressure in lungs is lower than air pressure outside body so air moves into lungs
what happens when you exhale
diaphragm relaxes, intercostal muscles relax, air moves from high pressure inside to lower pressure outside body
whats the medulla oblongata
part in the brain that regulates breathing unconciously
what is homeostasis
A state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly.
what is spirometry
study of lung function