biology quiz 1 Flashcards
mitosis
what is a primary tumor
a malignant tumor growing at the site where the abnormal growth first occured
What is metastasis
the movement of cells from a primary tumor to set up secondary tumors in other parts on the body
what is a secondary tumor
cancerous cells invading tissues at different locations; uncontrolled cell division
Give an example of something that can cause a mutation
UV radiation (X-Rays)
Viruses
How does cancer develop?
Genes, mutations or errors in DNA
How do you calculate MI?
of cells in mitosis / total # of cells
What does MI tell you
the higher the number, the more likely a tissue is cancerous
what does DNA stand for
deoxyribonucleic acid
describe the structure of DNA
-double helix structure
-backbone made up of sugar and phosphate groups
-nitrogenous bases
what are the nitrogenous bases?
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
Thymine (T)
which nitrogenous bases bond
A, T
G, C
What is chromatin?
Loosely packed DNA, mass of very long fibres
What are chromosomes
tightly packed DNA, X shape
Whats a gene?
Specific DNA sequences that code for specific proteins
Whats an allele?
a form of the same gene
