Biology Test 1

Question 1

Biology Definition

Answer 1

the science of life

Question 2

basic levels of biological organization(smallest to largest)

Answer 2

Atoms - molecules - organelles - cells - tissues -organs - organism - population - community - ecosystem - biosphere

Question 3

Cells

Answer 3

the smallest functioning unit of life to be considered alive

Question 4

Organism

Answer 4

an individual form that exhibits properties of life

Question 5

ecosystem

Answer 5

living and nonliving together

Question 6

6 Characteristics of Living Things

Answer 6

Organization 
Ability to reproduce 
Growth and development 
Uses energy 
Evolutionary adaptation 
Response to stimuli

Question 7

Homeostasis Definition

Answer 7

the maintenance of constant internal conditions despite external fluctuations

Question 8

importance of Homeostasis

Answer 8

failure to maintain leads to disease and death

Question 9

how’s homeostasis maintained

Answer 9

hormones

Question 10

Domains of Living Things

Answer 10

bacteria
archaea
eukarya

Question 11

4 Kingdoms of Eukarya

Answer 11

Animals
Plants
Fungi
Protists

Question 12

critical factors that classify an organism

Answer 12

Number of Cells the organism is made of
Cellular structure
How food is obtained

Question 13

Bacteria :

size, #of cells, complexity, food

Answer 13

relatively small
unicellular
prokaryotic
absorbs food

Question 14

Archaea :

size, #of cells, complexity, food

Answer 14

relatively small
unicellular
prokaryotic
absorbs food

Question 15

Eukarya :

size, #of cells, complexity, food

Answer 15

relatively large
multi & uni cellular
eukaryotic
varies in food

Question 16

Viruses

why they’re different

Answer 16

NOT made of cells
Cannot reproduce without invading cells
Do not fit into any of the 3 domains

Question 17

Similarities Despite Differences of Cells

Answer 17

ALL are made of cells 
ALL cells have similar molecules 
ALL cells do similar chemical reactions
ALL cells use genetic material(DNA) 
Explained by EVOLUTIONARY THEORY

Question 18

Ability to use the process of scientific inquiry (scientific method)
Ability to communicate those thoughts to others
Ability to integrate findings into your decision making

Answer 18

What is Scientific Literacy

Question 19

What is an organic molecule?

Answer 19

contains carbon molecules

Question 20

Are organic molecules that we need to consume in significant amounts

1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins

Answer 20

Macronutrients

Question 21

a large molecule made by bonding smaller pieces together
Macronutrients and macromolecules
Ex. : carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids

Answer 21

polymer

Question 22

the small building blocks that join with other blocks to create the large polymer
Ex. glucose and amino acids

Answer 22

monomer

Question 23

Food =

Answer 23

Energy

Question 24

energy is measured in

Answer 24

kilocalories

Question 25

the sum of all chemical reactions going on inside you body

Answer 25

metabolism

Question 26

relates to the number of cals the body needs to carry out basic cellular functions

Answer 26

basal metabolism

Question 27

factors that affect individual basal metabolism

Answer 27

body size/composition sex age

Question 28

1 g carbohydrates =

Answer 28

4 calories

Question 29

Primary fuel source Compose certain cell structures Recommended amount is about 45-65% of daily calories (900-1300 calories or 225j-325 g per day)

Answer 29

Carbohydrates

Question 30

Monosaccharides/simple sugars disaccharides polysaccharides

Answer 30

carbohydrates

Question 31

Primary function: ENERGY | Ex. glucose and fructose

Answer 31

MONOSACCHARIDES/ SIMPLE SUGARS

Question 32

2 simple sugars bond together | Ex. sucrose and lactose

Answer 32

DISACCHARIDES

Question 33

Multiple(100-1000) sugars bonded together; the difference is how the simple sugars are bonded

Answer 33

POLYSACCHARIDES

Question 34

insoluble fiber

Answer 34

provides bulk

Question 35

soluble fiber

Answer 35

lowers total and LDL cholesterol

Question 36

made by plants; animals ingest and break down

Answer 36

Starch

Question 37

made by animals and is broken down as needed

Answer 37

glycogen

Question 38

fiber, made by plants, animals inject but can’t break down

Answer 38

cellulose

Question 39

empty calories

Answer 39

Calories that can only be digested for energy production

Question 40

Insoluble in water So many different forms the all have unique chemical structures Come in variety : fats, phospholipids, sterols, cholesterol

Answer 40

lipids

Question 41

Primary function: insulation and temperature regulation, cell membranes, secondary fuel for organisms Diet: 25-35% of daily calories Gen structure : 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids (determine properties of particular fat)

Answer 41

Fats/Triglycerides

Question 42

1 g fat =

Answer 42

9 calories

Question 43

``` “bad” fats (10% daily cal intake) No double bonds (solid at room temp) Completely saturated w. H atoms Made by animals Ex. butter, lard ```

Answer 43

saturated fatty acids

Question 44

``` “good” fats (15-25% daily intake) 1 or more double bonds (kinks) (liquid at room temp;) Not saturated with H atoms Made by plants monounsaturated polyunsaturated ```

Answer 44

unsaturated fatty acids

Question 45

1 kink/double bond Reduces LDL levels Found in : nuts, veg oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, avocado

Answer 45

monosaturated fatty acids

Question 46

Multiple kinks/double bonds Can reduce LDL levels and increase HDL levels Omega-3: walnuts, flaxseed, tout, herring, salmon, various oils Omega-6: soybean, corn, safflower oil

Answer 46

polyunsaturated fatty acids

Question 47

“worst” fats (avoid) Occur in nature - also produced as a synthetic Starts w/ unsaturated fat - hydrogenation occurs - result is trans fatty acid Double bonded H Health risk - coronary artery disease

Answer 47

trans fatty acids

Question 48

lipid obtained in diet and produced by the liver - from saturated fats -- 90% Important component of most cell membranes Excess can attach to blood vessel walls

Answer 48

cholesterol