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Biology Terms Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Micro-organism(Microbe)

A

A microscopic organism that may exist in a colony of cells or in single-celled form.

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2
Q

Microscope

A

A laboratory instrument that is used when examining small objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye..

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3
Q

Microbiologist

A

A scientist which studies microscopic life forms and their processes.

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4
Q

International System of Units (SI System)

A

The international standard for measurement also commonly known as the metric system.

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5
Q

SI Unit

A

SI units are what make up the SI system, they are made up of 7 bases which are used for defining 22 derived units.

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6
Q

SI Prefix

A

Used to form decimal multiples and submultiples of SI units and are used to avoid very large and very small numeric values.

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7
Q

Meter

A

The base unit of length in the International System of Units

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8
Q

Millimeter

A

A unit of length in the International System of Units, equal to one thousandth of a meter.

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9
Q

Micrometer

A

The micrometer is a common unit of measurement for wavelengths of infrared radiation as well as sizes of biological cells and bacteria.

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10
Q

Nanometer

A

A unit of length in the International System of Units, equal to one billionth of a meter.

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11
Q

Viruses

A

An infective agent that that is too small to be seen with the naked eye and is able to multiply only within the living cells of a host.

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12
Q

Bacteria

A

Microscopic organisms not visible with the naked eye which sometimes have agents that can causes diseases.

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13
Q

Protista

A

Any eukaryotic organism that is not an animal, plant, or fungus

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14
Q

Fungi

A

A group of spore-producing organisms feeding on organic matter, including moulds, yeast, mushrooms, and toadstools.

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15
Q

Prokaryote

A

A single-celled organism which has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles

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16
Q

Eukaryote

A

Organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within a nuclear envelope

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17
Q

Unicellular

A

A single-celled organism, is an organism that consists of a single cell.

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18
Q

Multicellular

A

Organisms that consist of more than one cell.

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19
Q

Genetic Material

A

Also called DNA or RNA, DNA is the hereditary material found in the nucleus and cytoplasm that determines the composition of an organism.

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20
Q

Nucleus

A

A membrane-bound organelle that contains genetic material (DNA) of eukaryotic organisms.

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21
Q

Membrane-bound

A

A characteristic of eukaryotic cells, are micrometer large and easily identifiable by microscopy.

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22
Q

Organelles

A

A number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell.

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23
Q

Mitochondrion

A

A double membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms

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24
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Organelles that conduct photosynthesis.

25
Q

Binary Fusion

A

Asexual reproduction where the organism duplicates its genetic material into two new parts.

26
Q

Mitosis

A

A means of asexual reproduction of division by a cell into two daughter cells which are identical to the parent.

27
Q

Phylogenetic Tree

A

Diagrams that display the lines of evolutionary descent of different species, organisms, or genes from a common ancestor.

28
Q

Tree of Life

A

A metaphor which promotes the idea that all life is related by common descent.

29
Q

Kingdoms

A

A taxonomic rank that is composed of smaller groups.

30
Q

Common Ancestor

A

A concept in evolutionary where one species is the ancestor of two or more species later in time.

31
Q

Evolve

A

A process of natural selection where there is a change in characteristics of a species over a certain amount of time.

32
Q

Acellular

A

Not made up of cells or divided into cells.

33
Q

Denitrification

A

The process of reducing nitrate and nitrite to gaseous forms of nitrogen.

34
Q

Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria

A

A chemical process by which nitrogen in the air is converted into ammonia or related nitrogenous compounds in soiL.

35
Q

Decomposers

A

An organism, especially a soil bacterium, fungus, or invertebrate, that decomposes organic material.

36
Q

Autotrophs

A

Organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances.

37
Q

Parasitism

A

Organism that lives on and derives all requirements from a host, in turn damaging it.

38
Q

Mutualism

A

Relationship between two different species where both species benefit.

39
Q

Commensalism

A

Relationship where one partner benefits however the other does not nor is it harmed.

40
Q

Vector

A

An organism that transmits a pathogen from one host to another.

41
Q

Primary Host

A

A host in which the parasite reaches maturity and, if applicable, reproduces sexually.

42
Q

Secondary Host

A

An organism that harbors the sexually immature parasite.

43
Q

Malaria

A

A parasitic diseases caused by a protist of the genus plasmodium, transmitted by mosquito.

44
Q

Tuberculosis

A

An infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

45
Q

HIV/AIDS

A

Sexually transmitted virus caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

46
Q

Thrush

A

A fungal infection that is caused by various Candida species.

47
Q

Retrovirus

A

A type of virus that uses a special enzyme called reverse transcriptase to translate its genetic information into DNA.

48
Q

Opportunist Infections

A

Conditions that attack the body when the immune system is weak.

49
Q

Prophylaxis

A

The prevention of a specific disease.

50
Q

Anaerobic respiration(fermentation)

A

A non-oxygen-requiring pathway for breaking down glucose.

51
Q

Traditional Biotechnology

A

Ancient/pre industrial ways in which living organisms were used to develop or adapt product.

52
Q

Antibiotic

A

Chemical substance that destroys bacteria.

53
Q

Immune Response

A

A reaction which occurs within an organism for the purpose of defending against foreign invaders.

54
Q

Natural Immunity

A

Immunity that is naturally existing and does not require prior sensitization to an antigen.

55
Q

Pathogen

A

Any organism that can produce disease.

56
Q

Cilia

A

Fine hair like projections in the respiratory tract that sweep in unison and help to sweep away fluids and particles.

57
Q

Inflammation

A

Your body’s process of fighting against things that harm it, such as infections, injuries, and toxins, in an attempt to heal itself.

58
Q

Fever

A

An abnormally high body temperature.

Biology Terms (5 decks)

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