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Biology Final Study > Biology Sem 1 Final Study CH. 4 > Flashcards

Biology Sem 1 Final Study CH. 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

low energy molecule that can be converted to ATP

A

ADP

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2
Q

process by which ATP is synthesized by using chemicals as an energy source instead of light

A

Chemosynthesis

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3
Q

All cells use ATP for energy. ATP is a (molecule, organelle) that transfers energy from the breakdown of ADP (food molecules, ADP) to cell processes

A

molecule

food molecules

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4
Q

ATP is (high energy, low energy) molecule that is converted to (higher energy, lower energy) ADP when a phosphate group is removed and energy is released

A

high energy

lower energy

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5
Q

ADP IS CONVERTED BACK INTO ATP BY THE ADDITION OF (phosphate group, food molecule)

A

phosphate group

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6
Q

what is the order of ADP being converted to ATP

A
  1. high energy ATP
  2. phosphate removed, energy released
  3. lower energy ADP
  4. energy added from breakdown of carbon based molecules, phosphate added
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7
Q

high energy molecule that contains, within its bonds, energy that cells can use

A

ATP

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8
Q

chemosynthesis is a process by which some organisms use (chemical energy, light energy) instead of (chemical energy, light energy) to make energy storing carbon based molecules

A

chemical energy, light energy

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9
Q

ATP has _____ phosphate groups

ADP has _____ phosphate groups

A

3,2

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10
Q

In chemosynthesis _____ energy is used to produce carbon-based ______ that store energy

A

chemical, molecules

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11
Q

process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy; produces sugar and oxygen from carbon dioxide water

A

photosynthesis

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12
Q

light absorbing pigment molecule in photosynthetic organisms

A

chlorophyll

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13
Q

membrane bound structure within chloroplasts that contains chlorophyll and other light absorbing pigment used in the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis

A

thylakoids

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14
Q

part of photosynthesis that absorbs energy from sunlight and transfers energy to the light independent reaction

A

light dependent reactions

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15
Q

part of photosynthesis that uses energy absorbed during the light dependent to synthesize carbohydrates

A

light independent reactions to

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16
Q

some organisms are called producers because they produce the source of (chemical energy, light energy) for themselves and for other organisms

A

chemical energy

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17
Q

photosynthesis captures (chemical energy, light energy) to make sugars that store (chemical energy, light energy)

A

light energy

chemical energy

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18
Q

chlorophyll is a molecule in chloroplasts that absorbs some of the energy in (visible light, ultraviolet light)

A

visible light

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19
Q

Chloroplasts are membrane bound organelles where _______ takes place in plants

A

photosynthesis

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20
Q

photosynthesis takes place in two parts of chloroplasts; the ___ and ____

A

granum and stroma

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21
Q

thylakoids are coin shaped membrane enclosed compartments inside the _____

A

granum

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22
Q

know the reactants and products of photosynthesis

A

ok

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23
Q

the two water reactants in photosynthesis equation are _____ and _______

A

carbon dioxide

oxygen

24
Q

the two products of photosynthesis???

A

sugar

oxygen

25
Q

why is the photosynthesis equation often written with several arrows

A

because many chemical reactions occur with the help of many enzymes

26
Q

the light dependent reactions require (light, do not need light) and they absorb and transfer (sugars, energy)

A

light

energy

27
Q

the light dependent reactions require (light, do not require light) and they build (sugars, energy)

A

no not require

sugars

28
Q

during photosynthesis _______ from light is used to put together ______

A

energy,sugars

29
Q

series of light-absorbing pigments and proteins that capture and transfer energy in the thylakoid membrane

A

photosystems

30
Q

series of proteins in the thylakoid and mitochondrial membranes that aid in converting ADP to ATP by transferring electrons

A

electron transport chain

31
Q

enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that adds a high energy phosphate group to ADP to form ATP

A

ATP synthase

32
Q

process by which a photosynthetic organism uses energy to synthesize simple sugars

A

calvin cycle

33
Q

the function of light dependent reactions is to ______ and ______ energy

A

capture and transfer

34
Q

photosystems are groups of _______ that capture and transfer energy

A

molecules

35
Q

two molecules that carry energy to the light independent reactions are ______ and _____

A

ATP NADPH

36
Q

the electron transport chain is a series of (proteins, carbohydrates) in the thylakoid membrane along which energized electrons travel

A

proteins

37
Q

ATP synthase is an enzyme that (synthesizes, synchronizes) ATP

A

synthesizes

38
Q

process of producing ATP by breaking down carbon based molecules when oxygen is present

A

cellular respiration

39
Q

process that requires oxygen to occur

A

aerobic

40
Q

anaerobic process which glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate and two net ATP are produced

A

Glycolysis

41
Q

process that does not require oxygen to occur

A

anaersobic f

42
Q

Process during cellular respiration that breaks down a carbon molecule to produce molecules that are used in the electron transport chain

A

Krebs cycle

43
Q

Cellular rep. is a process that releases (glucose, energy) from sugars and other carbo based molecules that make ATP when (oxygen, carbon dioxide) is present

A

energy oxygen

44
Q

cellular respiration is called an aerobic process, because it needs (oxygen, carbon dioxide) to take place

A

oxygen

45
Q

cellular rep. takes place where?

A

mitochondria

46
Q

during glycolysis, one molecule of (glucose, protein) is split into two three carbon molecules and two ADP, ATP

A

glucose

47
Q

what two things make cellular rep opposite of photosynthesis

A

the overall chemical equations are the reverse of each other

cellular rep breaks down sugars to make ATP, and photosynthesis uses AtPP to make sugars

48
Q

where does celular rep. take place in the mitochondria

A

inner mitochondrial membrane

outer mitochondrial membrane

49
Q

during glycolysis, a _______ is broken down

A

sugar

50
Q

glycolysis is anaerobic process, because it takes pace without _______

A

oxygen

51
Q

during the Krebs cycle, chemical reactions ________ carbon based molecules

A

break down

52
Q

the function of glycolysis is to split ________ and produce energy carrying molecules

A

glucose

53
Q

three molecules are formed during glycolysis when oxygen is available. ________ and __________ are used in cellular respiration. _______ can be used for cell processes

A

Pyruvate
NADPH
ATP

54
Q

what is the function of the Krebs cycle

A

to produce energy carriers from the breakdown of carbon based molecules

55
Q

the electron transport chain uses energy from (electrons, protons) to pump (oxygen ions, hydrogen ions) across the membrane, so that the ions can flow back through ATP synthase to produce ATP

A

electrons

hydrogen ions

56
Q

anaerobic process by which ATP is produced by glycolysis

A

fermentation

57
Q

product of fermentation in many types of cells, including human muscle cells

A

lactic acid

Biology Final Study (4 decks)

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