Biology Sem 1 Final Study CH. 4

Question 1

low energy molecule that can be converted to ATP

Answer 1

ADP

Question 2

process by which ATP is synthesized by using chemicals as an energy source instead of light

Answer 2

Chemosynthesis

Question 3

All cells use ATP for energy. ATP is a (molecule, organelle) that transfers energy from the breakdown of ADP (food molecules, ADP) to cell processes

Answer 3

molecule

food molecules

Question 4

ATP is (high energy, low energy) molecule that is converted to (higher energy, lower energy) ADP when a phosphate group is removed and energy is released

Answer 4

high energy

lower energy

Question 5

ADP IS CONVERTED BACK INTO ATP BY THE ADDITION OF (phosphate group, food molecule)

Answer 5

phosphate group

Question 6

what is the order of ADP being converted to ATP

Answer 6

1. high energy ATP
2. phosphate removed, energy released
3. lower energy ADP
4. energy added from breakdown of carbon based molecules, phosphate added

Question 7

high energy molecule that contains, within its bonds, energy that cells can use

Answer 7

ATP

Question 8

chemosynthesis is a process by which some organisms use (chemical energy, light energy) instead of (chemical energy, light energy) to make energy storing carbon based molecules

Answer 8

chemical energy, light energy

Question 9

ATP has _____ phosphate groups

ADP has _____ phosphate groups

Answer 9

3,2

Question 10

In chemosynthesis _____ energy is used to produce carbon-based ______ that store energy

Answer 10

chemical, molecules

Question 11

process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy; produces sugar and oxygen from carbon dioxide water

Answer 11

photosynthesis

Question 12

light absorbing pigment molecule in photosynthetic organisms

Answer 12

chlorophyll

Question 13

membrane bound structure within chloroplasts that contains chlorophyll and other light absorbing pigment used in the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis

Answer 13

thylakoids

Question 14

part of photosynthesis that absorbs energy from sunlight and transfers energy to the light independent reaction

Answer 14

light dependent reactions

Question 15

part of photosynthesis that uses energy absorbed during the light dependent to synthesize carbohydrates

Answer 15

light independent reactions to

Question 16

some organisms are called producers because they produce the source of (chemical energy, light energy) for themselves and for other organisms

Answer 16

chemical energy

Question 17

photosynthesis captures (chemical energy, light energy) to make sugars that store (chemical energy, light energy)

Answer 17

light energy

chemical energy

Question 18

chlorophyll is a molecule in chloroplasts that absorbs some of the energy in (visible light, ultraviolet light)

Answer 18

visible light

Question 19

Chloroplasts are membrane bound organelles where _______ takes place in plants

Answer 19

photosynthesis

Question 20

photosynthesis takes place in two parts of chloroplasts; the ___ and ____

Answer 20

granum and stroma

Question 21

thylakoids are coin shaped membrane enclosed compartments inside the _____

Answer 21

granum

Question 22

know the reactants and products of photosynthesis

Answer 22

ok

Question 23

the two water reactants in photosynthesis equation are _____ and _______

Answer 23

carbon dioxide

oxygen

Question 24

the two products of photosynthesis???

Answer 24

sugar

oxygen

Question 25

why is the photosynthesis equation often written with several arrows

Answer 25

because many chemical reactions occur with the help of many enzymes

Question 26

the light dependent reactions require (light, do not need light) and they absorb and transfer (sugars, energy)

Answer 26

light energy

Question 27

the light dependent reactions require (light, do not require light) and they build (sugars, energy)

Answer 27

no not require sugars

Question 28

during photosynthesis _______ from light is used to put together ______

Answer 28

energy,sugars

Question 29

series of light-absorbing pigments and proteins that capture and transfer energy in the thylakoid membrane

Answer 29

photosystems

Question 30

series of proteins in the thylakoid and mitochondrial membranes that aid in converting ADP to ATP by transferring electrons

Answer 30

electron transport chain

Question 31

enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that adds a high energy phosphate group to ADP to form ATP

Answer 31

ATP synthase

Question 32

process by which a photosynthetic organism uses energy to synthesize simple sugars

Answer 32

calvin cycle

Question 33

the function of light dependent reactions is to ______ and ______ energy

Answer 33

capture and transfer

Question 34

photosystems are groups of _______ that capture and transfer energy

Answer 34

molecules

Question 35

two molecules that carry energy to the light independent reactions are ______ and _____

Answer 35

ATP NADPH

Question 36

the electron transport chain is a series of (proteins, carbohydrates) in the thylakoid membrane along which energized electrons travel

Answer 36

proteins

Question 37

ATP synthase is an enzyme that (synthesizes, synchronizes) ATP

Answer 37

synthesizes

Question 38

process of producing ATP by breaking down carbon based molecules when oxygen is present

Answer 38

cellular respiration

Question 39

process that requires oxygen to occur

Answer 39

aerobic

Question 40

anaerobic process which glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate and two net ATP are produced

Answer 40

Glycolysis

Question 41

process that does not require oxygen to occur

Answer 41

anaersobic f

Question 42

Process during cellular respiration that breaks down a carbon molecule to produce molecules that are used in the electron transport chain

Answer 42

Krebs cycle

Question 43

Cellular rep. is a process that releases (glucose, energy) from sugars and other carbo based molecules that make ATP when (oxygen, carbon dioxide) is present

Answer 43

energy oxygen

Question 44

cellular respiration is called an aerobic process, because it needs (oxygen, carbon dioxide) to take place

Answer 44

oxygen

Question 45

cellular rep. takes place where?

Answer 45

mitochondria

Question 46

during glycolysis, one molecule of (glucose, protein) is split into two three carbon molecules and two ADP, ATP

Answer 46

glucose

Question 47

what two things make cellular rep opposite of photosynthesis

Answer 47

the overall chemical equations are the reverse of each other cellular rep breaks down sugars to make ATP, and photosynthesis uses AtPP to make sugars

Question 48

where does celular rep. take place in the mitochondria

Answer 48

inner mitochondrial membrane | outer mitochondrial membrane

Question 49

during glycolysis, a _______ is broken down

Answer 49

sugar

Question 50

glycolysis is anaerobic process, because it takes pace without _______

Answer 50

oxygen

Question 51

during the Krebs cycle, chemical reactions ________ carbon based molecules

Answer 51

break down

Question 52

the function of glycolysis is to split ________ and produce energy carrying molecules

Answer 52

glucose

Question 53

three molecules are formed during glycolysis when oxygen is available. ________ and __________ are used in cellular respiration. _______ can be used for cell processes

Answer 53

Pyruvate NADPH ATP

Question 54

what is the function of the Krebs cycle

Answer 54

to produce energy carriers from the breakdown of carbon based molecules

Question 55

the electron transport chain uses energy from (electrons, protons) to pump (oxygen ions, hydrogen ions) across the membrane, so that the ions can flow back through ATP synthase to produce ATP

Answer 55

electrons | hydrogen ions

Question 56

anaerobic process by which ATP is produced by glycolysis

Answer 56

fermentation

Question 57

product of fermentation in many types of cells, including human muscle cells

Answer 57

lactic acid