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Biology Final Study > Biology Sem 1 Final Study CH 3 > Flashcards

Biology Sem 1 Final Study CH 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Who observed live so close and observed greater details of them?

A

Leeunwenhoek

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2
Q

Who concluded that plants are made of cells

A

SCHLEIDEN

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3
Q

Who concluded the animals and, in fact, all and things are made of cells

A

SCHWANN

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4
Q

Who proposed that all cells come from other cells

A

VIRCHOW

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5
Q

that states that all organisms are made of cells that all cells are produced by living things in the cell is the most basic unit of

A

cell theory

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6
Q

jelly like substance inside cells that contain molecules and some cells organelles

A

cytoplasm

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7
Q

Membrane bound structure that is specialized to perform a distinct process within the cell

A

organelles

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8
Q

cell that does not have a nucleus or other organelles

A

prokaryote

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9
Q

cell that has a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles

A

eukaryotic cells

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10
Q

the cell theory is one of the great unifying themes of (Biology, chemistry)

A

biology

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11
Q

network of proteins, such as microtubules and microfilaments, inside a eukaryotic cell that supports and shapes the cell

A

cytoskeleton

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12
Q

organelle composed of a double membrane that acts as the store house for most of a cell’s DNA

A

Nucleus

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13
Q

interconnected network of thin, folded membranes that produce process, and distribute proteins

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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14
Q

organelle that links amino acids together to form proteins

A

ribosomes

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15
Q

stack of flat, membrane enclosed spaces containing enzymes that process sort and deliver proteins

A

Golgi Apparatus

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16
Q

small organelle that contains and transports materials within the cytoplasm

A

Vesicles

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17
Q

energy powerhouse of the cell which has its own DNA and Ribosomes

A

Mitochondrion

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18
Q

organelle that is used to store materials such as water food or enzymes that are needed by the cell

A

Vacuole

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19
Q

organelle that contains enzymes

A

lysosomes

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20
Q

small cylinder- shaped organelle made of proteins tubes arranged in a circle; aids mitosis

A

centrioles

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21
Q

rigid structure that gives protection support and shape to cells plants algae fungi and bacteria

A

Cell Wall

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22
Q

organelle composed of numerous membranes that are used to convert solar energy into chemical energy; contains chlorophyll

A

chloroplasts

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23
Q

does the cell membrane provide energy to the cell

A

no

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24
Q

the cell walls in a plant are strong and (rigid, flexible) and adhere to each other, which helps to support the entire plant

A

rigid

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25
Q

a cell wall and a cell membrane are different. All cells are surrounded by a (cell wall, membrane) that is (rigid, flexible) and interacts with the environment. Only certain cells have a (cell wall, cell membrane), which is (rigid, flexible) and provides shape and support to cells

A

cell membrane
flexible
cell wall
rigid

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26
Q

chloroplasts enable plants to convert (soil nutrients, solar energy) into energy rich molecules that cells can use

A

solar energy

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27
Q

the ER is a maze of folded membranes where_____ and _____ are produced

A

proteins

lipids

28
Q

the mitochondria converts food into ____ that is usable by a cell

A

energy

29
Q

double layer of phospholipids that forms a boundary between a cell and the surrounding environment and controls the passage of materials into and out of a cell

A

cell membrane

30
Q

molecule that forms a double- layered cell membrane; consists of a glycerol, a phosphate group, and two fatty acids

A

phospholipid

31
Q

model that describes the arrangement and movement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane

A

fluid mosaic model

32
Q

condition or quality of allowing some, but not all, materials to cross a barrier or membrane

A

selective permeability

33
Q

protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response

A

receptor

34
Q

know how to draw a cell membrane

A

ok

35
Q

is a phosphate group polar or not

A

polar (charged)

36
Q

is a Glycerol polar or nonpolar

A

polar

37
Q

is the fatty acid tail polar or nonpolar

A

non polar

38
Q

what do cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates do

A

strengthens the cell membrane

helps material cross the membrane and are also part of the cytoskeleton

help identify cell types

39
Q

(T OR F) A membrane is fluid, because the phospholipids in each layer can move from side to side m in and out of the cell, by sliding past each other and spinning in circles

A

false

40
Q

(T OR F) selectively permeable membrane allows all molecules to cross

A

false

41
Q

a (Receptor, phospholipid) detects a signal molecule and carries out an action in response

A

receptor

42
Q

a ligand is a molecule that acts as a (receptor, signal) when it binds to a (receptor, signal)

A

signal, receptor

43
Q

a ligand that (can cross, cannot cross) the cell membrane can send message to the cell by (binding to, taking off) a membrane receptor, which then changes shape

A

cannot cross

binding

44
Q

a fluid mosaic models shows the arrangment of ______ that make up a cell membrane

A

molecules

45
Q

movement of molecules across the cell membrane without energy input from the cell

A

passive transport

46
Q

movement of dissolved molecule in a fluid or gas from a region o higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

A

diffusion

47
Q

difference in the concentration of substance from one location to another

A

concentration gradient

48
Q

diffusion of water molecules across the semipermeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower water concentration

A

osmosis

49
Q

solution with equal concentration

A

isotonic

50
Q

solution with higher concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution

A

hypertonic

51
Q

solution that has a lower concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution

A

hypotonic

52
Q

diffusion of molecules assisted by protein channels that pierce a cell membrane

A

facilitated diffusion

53
Q

Who was the first to identify cells and name them?

A

Hooke

54
Q

The higher concentration of dissolved particles in a solution, the ______ the concentration of water molecules in that solution

A

lower

55
Q

the (Hypertonic, hypotonic) solution has the highest concentration of particles

A

hypertonic

56
Q

the (hypertonic, hypotonic) solution has the highest concentration of water molecules

A

hypotonic

57
Q

(simple, facilitated) diffusion occurs across the membrane, but (simple, facilitated) diffusion occurs through selectively transport proteins

A

simple, facilitated

58
Q

in facilitated diffusion. molecules move (down a concentration gradient, against a concentration gradient)

A

down

59
Q

is the movement of molecules against a concentration gradient simple, facilitated diffusion or active transport

A

active

60
Q

the movement of molecules down a concentration is simple, facilitated, or active transport

A

simple diffusion

61
Q

what is the movement of molecules through selective membrane proteins simple, facilitated diffusion, of active transport

A

facilitated diffusion and active transport

62
Q

all transport proteins are along what?

A

membrane

63
Q

active transport proteins have one key distinguishing feature, which is that they use ________ to move a substance against

A

chemical energy

64
Q

most active transport proteins use energy from the breakdown of _____

A

ATP

65
Q

a cell may transport substances in what?

A

vesicles

66
Q

during Endocytosis, the vesicle membrane fuses with a lysosome, and the membrane and its contents are broken down by lysosomal (enzymes, gradients)

A

enzymes

Biology Final Study (4 decks)

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