Biology Sem 1 Final Study CH 3

Question 1

Who observed live so close and observed greater details of them?

Answer 1

Leeunwenhoek

Question 2

Who concluded that plants are made of cells

Answer 2

SCHLEIDEN

Question 3

Who concluded the animals and, in fact, all and things are made of cells

Answer 3

SCHWANN

Question 4

Who proposed that all cells come from other cells

Answer 4

VIRCHOW

Question 5

that states that all organisms are made of cells that all cells are produced by living things in the cell is the most basic unit of

Answer 5

cell theory

Question 6

jelly like substance inside cells that contain molecules and some cells organelles

Answer 6

cytoplasm

Question 7

Membrane bound structure that is specialized to perform a distinct process within the cell

Answer 7

organelles

Question 8

cell that does not have a nucleus or other organelles

Answer 8

prokaryote

Question 9

cell that has a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles

Answer 9

eukaryotic cells

Question 10

the cell theory is one of the great unifying themes of (Biology, chemistry)

Answer 10

biology

Question 11

network of proteins, such as microtubules and microfilaments, inside a eukaryotic cell that supports and shapes the cell

Answer 11

cytoskeleton

Question 12

organelle composed of a double membrane that acts as the store house for most of a cell’s DNA

Answer 12

Nucleus

Question 13

interconnected network of thin, folded membranes that produce process, and distribute proteins

Answer 13

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 14

organelle that links amino acids together to form proteins

Answer 14

ribosomes

Question 15

stack of flat, membrane enclosed spaces containing enzymes that process sort and deliver proteins

Answer 15

Golgi Apparatus

Question 16

small organelle that contains and transports materials within the cytoplasm

Answer 16

Vesicles

Question 17

energy powerhouse of the cell which has its own DNA and Ribosomes

Answer 17

Mitochondrion

Question 18

organelle that is used to store materials such as water food or enzymes that are needed by the cell

Answer 18

Vacuole

Question 19

organelle that contains enzymes

Answer 19

lysosomes

Question 20

small cylinder- shaped organelle made of proteins tubes arranged in a circle; aids mitosis

Answer 20

centrioles

Question 21

rigid structure that gives protection support and shape to cells plants algae fungi and bacteria

Answer 21

Cell Wall

Question 22

organelle composed of numerous membranes that are used to convert solar energy into chemical energy; contains chlorophyll

Answer 22

chloroplasts

Question 23

does the cell membrane provide energy to the cell

Answer 23

no

Question 24

the cell walls in a plant are strong and (rigid, flexible) and adhere to each other, which helps to support the entire plant

Answer 24

rigid

Question 25

a cell wall and a cell membrane are different. All cells are surrounded by a (cell wall, membrane) that is (rigid, flexible) and interacts with the environment. Only certain cells have a (cell wall, cell membrane), which is (rigid, flexible) and provides shape and support to cells

Answer 25

cell membrane flexible cell wall rigid

Question 26

chloroplasts enable plants to convert (soil nutrients, solar energy) into energy rich molecules that cells can use

Answer 26

solar energy

Question 27

the ER is a maze of folded membranes where_____ and _____ are produced

Answer 27

proteins | lipids

Question 28

the mitochondria converts food into ____ that is usable by a cell

Answer 28

energy

Question 29

double layer of phospholipids that forms a boundary between a cell and the surrounding environment and controls the passage of materials into and out of a cell

Answer 29

cell membrane

Question 30

molecule that forms a double- layered cell membrane; consists of a glycerol, a phosphate group, and two fatty acids

Answer 30

phospholipid

Question 31

model that describes the arrangement and movement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane

Answer 31

fluid mosaic model

Question 32

condition or quality of allowing some, but not all, materials to cross a barrier or membrane

Answer 32

selective permeability

Question 33

protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response

Answer 33

receptor

Question 34

know how to draw a cell membrane

Answer 34

ok

Question 35

is a phosphate group polar or not

Answer 35

polar (charged)

Question 36

is a Glycerol polar or nonpolar

Answer 36

polar

Question 37

is the fatty acid tail polar or nonpolar

Answer 37

non polar

Question 38

what do cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates do

Answer 38

strengthens the cell membrane helps material cross the membrane and are also part of the cytoskeleton help identify cell types

Question 39

(T OR F) A membrane is fluid, because the phospholipids in each layer can move from side to side m in and out of the cell, by sliding past each other and spinning in circles

Answer 39

false

Question 40

(T OR F) selectively permeable membrane allows all molecules to cross

Answer 40

false

Question 41

a (Receptor, phospholipid) detects a signal molecule and carries out an action in response

Answer 41

receptor

Question 42

a ligand is a molecule that acts as a (receptor, signal) when it binds to a (receptor, signal)

Answer 42

signal, receptor

Question 43

a ligand that (can cross, cannot cross) the cell membrane can send message to the cell by (binding to, taking off) a membrane receptor, which then changes shape

Answer 43

cannot cross binding

Question 44

a fluid mosaic models shows the arrangment of ______ that make up a cell membrane

Answer 44

molecules

Question 45

movement of molecules across the cell membrane without energy input from the cell

Answer 45

passive transport

Question 46

movement of dissolved molecule in a fluid or gas from a region o higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

Answer 46

diffusion

Question 47

difference in the concentration of substance from one location to another

Answer 47

concentration gradient

Question 48

diffusion of water molecules across the semipermeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower water concentration

Answer 48

osmosis

Question 49

solution with equal concentration

Answer 49

isotonic

Question 50

solution with higher concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution

Answer 50

hypertonic

Question 51

solution that has a lower concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution

Answer 51

hypotonic

Question 52

diffusion of molecules assisted by protein channels that pierce a cell membrane

Answer 52

facilitated diffusion

Question 53

Who was the first to identify cells and name them?

Answer 53

Hooke

Question 54

The higher concentration of dissolved particles in a solution, the ______ the concentration of water molecules in that solution

Answer 54

lower

Question 55

the (Hypertonic, hypotonic) solution has the highest concentration of particles

Answer 55

hypertonic

Question 56

the (hypertonic, hypotonic) solution has the highest concentration of water molecules

Answer 56

hypotonic

Question 57

(simple, facilitated) diffusion occurs across the membrane, but (simple, facilitated) diffusion occurs through selectively transport proteins

Answer 57

simple, facilitated

Question 58

in facilitated diffusion. molecules move (down a concentration gradient, against a concentration gradient)

Answer 58

down

Question 59

is the movement of molecules against a concentration gradient simple, facilitated diffusion or active transport

Answer 59

active

Question 60

the movement of molecules down a concentration is simple, facilitated, or active transport

Answer 60

simple diffusion

Question 61

what is the movement of molecules through selective membrane proteins simple, facilitated diffusion, of active transport

Answer 61

facilitated diffusion and active transport

Question 62

all transport proteins are along what?

Answer 62

membrane

Question 63

active transport proteins have one key distinguishing feature, which is that they use ________ to move a substance against

Answer 63

chemical energy

Question 64

most active transport proteins use energy from the breakdown of _____

Answer 64

ATP

Question 65

a cell may transport substances in what?

Answer 65

vesicles

Question 66

during Endocytosis, the vesicle membrane fuses with a lysosome, and the membrane and its contents are broken down by lysosomal (enzymes, gradients)

Answer 66

enzymes