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Biology Final Study > Biology Sem 1 Final Study CH. 2 > Flashcards

Biology Sem 1 Final Study CH. 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

substance made of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down by chemical means

A

element

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2
Q

substance made of atoms of different elements that are bonded together in a particular ratio

A

compound

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3
Q

what type of bond is formed through the electrical force between oppositely charged ions

A

ionic bond

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4
Q

what bond is formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

A

covalent bond

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5
Q

two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds;

A

molecule

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6
Q

what part of an atom is dense and in the center of an atom

A

nucleus

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7
Q

what part of an atom is the particle with no electrical charge

A

nuetron

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8
Q

what part of the atom is the particle with a negative charge

A

electron

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9
Q

what part of an atom is the particle that has a positive charge

A

proton

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10
Q

water and carbon dioxide are examples of what

A

compounds

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11
Q

______ are made up of only one type of atom

A

element

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12
Q

(T OR F) an atom becomes an ion when its number of protons change

A

false

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13
Q

some ions are positively charged, and some ions have no charge

A

false

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14
Q

the formation of an ion results in a full outermost energy level (T OR F)

A

true

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15
Q

ions usually form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another (T OR F)

A

true

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16
Q

shared pairs of electrons fill the (outermost, innermost) levels of bonded atoms

A

outermost

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17
Q

covalent bonds are generally (weak, strong)

A

strong

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18
Q

two atoms may form several covalent bonds to share several pairs of (protons, electrons)

A

electrons

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19
Q

a molecule is held together by (ionic, Covalent) bonds

A

covalent

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20
Q

attraction between sightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom

A

hydrogen bond

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21
Q

attraction between molecules of the same substance

A

cohesion

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22
Q

attraction between molecules of different substances

A

adhesion

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23
Q

mixture that is consistent throughout; also called a homogeneous mixture

A

solution

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24
Q

solute

A

substance present in the least amount

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25
Q

solvent

A

substance present in the greatest amount

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26
Q

compound that donates a proton when dissolved in a solution

A

acid

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27
Q

compound that accepts a proton when dissolved in solution

A

base

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28
Q

measurement of acidity; related to free hydrogen ion concentration in solution

A

PH

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29
Q

(T OR F) polar molecules have two regions with a slight positive charge

A

false

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30
Q

water is a polar molecule (T OR F)

A

true

31
Q

slightly charged regions of water molecules form hydrogen bonds

A

false

32
Q

what property allows water to resist changes in temp

A

high specific heat

33
Q

which property causes water to form beads

A

cohesion

34
Q

which property of water helps plants to transport water from their roots to their leaves

A

polarity

35
Q

a solution is (EVENL, UNEVENLY) distributed throughout

A

evenlty9

36
Q

give an example of a solvent

A

blood plasma

37
Q

oil and water don’t mix. Why??

A

because a non-polar molecule can’t easily dissolve in a polar solvent

38
Q

know the diagram of the PH Scale

A

7: nuetral
1-6: Acidic
8-14: Basic

39
Q

what dissolves in a solution

A

solute

40
Q

molecule subunit of a polymer

A

monomer

41
Q

large,carbon-based molecule formed by monomers

A

polymer

42
Q

molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

A

carbohydrates

43
Q

nonpolar molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

A

lipid

44
Q

hydrocarbon chain often bonded to glycerol in a lipid

A

fatty acid

45
Q

polymer composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds; folds into a particular structure depending on bonds between amino acids

A

protein

46
Q

molecule that makes up proteins; composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur

A

amino acids

47
Q

polymer of nucleotides; the genetic material of organisms

A

nucleic acid

48
Q

(T OR F) carbon atoms form the building blocks of most living things

A

true

49
Q

(T OR F) carbon’s outer most energy level is full

A

false

50
Q

carbon atoms can form covalent bonds with up to four other atoms (T OR F)

A

true

51
Q

(T OR F) the three basic structures of carbon-based molecules are straight, bent, and ring

A

true

52
Q

review chart in CH 2 study guide

A

okkkkkk

53
Q

which has more molecules MONOmer or POLYmer

MONO is 1) (POLY is many

A

polymer

54
Q

process by which substances change into different substances through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds

A

chemical reactions

55
Q

substance that is changed by a chemical reaction

A

reactant

56
Q

substance formed by a chemical reaction

A

product

57
Q

amount of energy needed t break a bond between two particular atoms; or the amount of energy released when a bond forms between particular atoms

A

bond energy

58
Q

energy input necessary to initiate a chemical reaction

A

activation energy

59
Q

releases more energy that it absorbs

A

exothermic

60
Q

gains more energy that it releases

A

endothermic

61
Q

during a chemical reaction _______ break and reform

A

chemical bonds

62
Q

________are the substances changed during a chemical reaction

A

bond energy is the amount of energy it takes to break a bond between two______

63
Q

equilibrium occurs when reactants and products are made at______

A

the same rate

64
Q

substances that decreases the activation energy and increases reaction rate in a chemical reaction

A

catalyst

65
Q

protein that catalyzes chemical reactions for organisms

A

Enzyme

66
Q

reactant in a chemical reaction upon which an enzyme acts

A

substrate

67
Q

activation energy is the energy required to what

A

complete a chemical reaction

68
Q

what can reduce the amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to take place

A

catalyst

69
Q

what happens to the speed of chemical reactions when a catalyst is present

A

it speeds it up

70
Q

a catalyst can (increase, decrease) the amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction

A

decreases

71
Q

substrates are to (catalysts, enzymes) as to keys are to locks

A

enzymes

72
Q

((enzymes, substrates) are catalysts for chemical reactions in living things

A

Substrates

73
Q

what is the smallest unit of matter

A

atom

Biology Final Study (4 decks)

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