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Biology Final Study > Biology Sem 1 Final Study CH. 2 > Flashcards

Biology Sem 1 Final Study CH. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

substance made of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down by chemical means

A

element

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2
Q

substance made of atoms of different elements that are bonded together in a particular ratio

A

compound

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3
Q

what type of bond is formed through the electrical force between oppositely charged ions

A

ionic bond

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4
Q

what bond is formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

A

covalent bond

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5
Q

two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds;

A

molecule

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6
Q

what part of an atom is dense and in the center of an atom

A

nucleus

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7
Q

what part of an atom is the particle with no electrical charge

A

nuetron

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8
Q

what part of the atom is the particle with a negative charge

A

electron

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9
Q

what part of an atom is the particle that has a positive charge

A

proton

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10
Q

water and carbon dioxide are examples of what

A

compounds

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11
Q

______ are made up of only one type of atom

A

element

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12
Q

(T OR F) an atom becomes an ion when its number of protons change

A

false

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13
Q

some ions are positively charged, and some ions have no charge

A

false

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14
Q

the formation of an ion results in a full outermost energy level (T OR F)

A

true

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15
Q

ions usually form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another (T OR F)

A

true

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16
Q

shared pairs of electrons fill the (outermost, innermost) levels of bonded atoms

A

outermost

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17
Q

covalent bonds are generally (weak, strong)

A

strong

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18
Q

two atoms may form several covalent bonds to share several pairs of (protons, electrons)

A

electrons

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19
Q

a molecule is held together by (ionic, Covalent) bonds

A

covalent

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20
Q

attraction between sightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom

A

hydrogen bond

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21
Q

attraction between molecules of the same substance

A

cohesion

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22
Q

attraction between molecules of different substances

A

adhesion

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23
Q

mixture that is consistent throughout; also called a homogeneous mixture

A

solution

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24
Q

solute

A

substance present in the least amount

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25
solvent
substance present in the greatest amount
26
compound that donates a proton when dissolved in a solution
acid
27
compound that accepts a proton when dissolved in solution
base
28
measurement of acidity; related to free hydrogen ion concentration in solution
PH
29
(T OR F) polar molecules have two regions with a slight positive charge
false
30
water is a polar molecule (T OR F)
true
31
slightly charged regions of water molecules form hydrogen bonds
false
32
what property allows water to resist changes in temp
high specific heat
33
which property causes water to form beads
cohesion
34
which property of water helps plants to transport water from their roots to their leaves
polarity
35
a solution is (EVENL, UNEVENLY) distributed throughout
evenlty9
36
give an example of a solvent
blood plasma
37
oil and water don't mix. Why??
because a non-polar molecule can't easily dissolve in a polar solvent
38
know the diagram of the PH Scale
7: nuetral 1-6: Acidic 8-14: Basic
39
what dissolves in a solution
solute
40
molecule subunit of a polymer
monomer
41
large,carbon-based molecule formed by monomers
polymer
42
molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
carbohydrates
43
nonpolar molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
lipid
44
hydrocarbon chain often bonded to glycerol in a lipid
fatty acid
45
polymer composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds; folds into a particular structure depending on bonds between amino acids
protein
46
molecule that makes up proteins; composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur
amino acids
47
polymer of nucleotides; the genetic material of organisms
nucleic acid
48
(T OR F) carbon atoms form the building blocks of most living things
true
49
(T OR F) carbon's outer most energy level is full
false
50
carbon atoms can form covalent bonds with up to four other atoms (T OR F)
true
51
(T OR F) the three basic structures of carbon-based molecules are straight, bent, and ring
true
52
review chart in CH 2 study guide
okkkkkk
53
which has more molecules MONOmer or POLYmer | MONO is 1) (POLY is many
polymer
54
process by which substances change into different substances through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds
chemical reactions
55
substance that is changed by a chemical reaction
reactant
56
substance formed by a chemical reaction
product
57
amount of energy needed t break a bond between two particular atoms; or the amount of energy released when a bond forms between particular atoms
bond energy
58
energy input necessary to initiate a chemical reaction
activation energy
59
releases more energy that it absorbs
exothermic
60
gains more energy that it releases
endothermic
61
during a chemical reaction _______ break and reform
chemical bonds
62
________are the substances changed during a chemical reaction
bond energy is the amount of energy it takes to break a bond between two______
63
equilibrium occurs when reactants and products are made at______
the same rate
64
substances that decreases the activation energy and increases reaction rate in a chemical reaction
catalyst
65
protein that catalyzes chemical reactions for organisms
Enzyme
66
reactant in a chemical reaction upon which an enzyme acts
substrate
67
activation energy is the energy required to what
complete a chemical reaction
68
what can reduce the amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to take place
catalyst
69
what happens to the speed of chemical reactions when a catalyst is present
it speeds it up
70
a catalyst can (increase, decrease) the amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction
decreases
71
substrates are to (catalysts, enzymes) as to keys are to locks
enzymes
72
((enzymes, substrates) are catalysts for chemical reactions in living things
Substrates
73
what is the smallest unit of matter
atom

Biology Final Study (4 decks)

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