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Combined Science KEY WORDS > Biology Response Key Words > Flashcards

Biology Response Key Words Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Nerve

A

A series of cells in the body that transmits impulses to or from the brain or spinal cord.

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2
Q

Synapse

A

A gap allowing a connection between two neurones.

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3
Q

Receptor

A

A molecule inside or on the surface of a cell that binds to a specific substance and causes an effect in the cell.

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4
Q

Stimulus

A

A change in the environment.

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5
Q

Sensory neuron

A

Transmit electrical impulses from the sensory receptors to the CNS.

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6
Q

Relay neurone

A

Transmit electrical impulses from the sensory neurone to the relay neurone.

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7
Q

Motor neurone

A

Transmit electrical impulses from the CNS to the effectors.

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8
Q

Effector

A

A structure or organ (such as a gland or muscle) that becomes active in response to nerve stimulation.

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9
Q

Reflex

A

An automatic, rapid response to a stimulus which reduces the chance of being injured.

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10
Q

Hormone

A

Chemical messenger produced in glands and carried by the blood to specific organs in the body.

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11
Q

Glucose

A

A simple sugar used by cells for respiration.

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12
Q

Glycogen

A

Animals store glucose as glycogen in their liver and muscle tissues.

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13
Q

Glucagon

A

A hormone that is released when the blood glucose levels fall too low.

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14
Q

Insulin

A

A hormone that regulates the level of sugar in the blood and can be produced by genetically modified bacteria.

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15
Q

Target organ

A

The organ with receptor molecules on its cell surfaces which recognise a specific hormone.

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16
Q

Negative feedback

A

A mechanism where changes to conditions cause an action to reverse the change, to keep conditions stable.

17
Q

Response

A

How the organism reacts to a stimulus

18
Q

Axon

A

the part of the the neurone, carries the electrical impulse away from the axon

19
Q

CNS

A

The central nervous system, made up of the brain and spinal cord

20
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

A chemical messenger, released from one neurone at the synapse and triggering a new electrical impulse in the other neurone at the synapse

21
Q

Reflex arc

A

The route which an electrical impulse takes in a reflex, from receptor to effector.

22
Q

Gland

A

An organ or tissue that makes a substance for release

23
Q

Secretion

A

A process by which substances are produced and discharged from a cell, gland, or organ for a particular function in the organism or for excretion.

24
Q

Endocrine system

A

A messenger system comprising feedback loops of the hormones released by internal glands of an organism directly into the circulatory system, regulating distant target organs.

25
Q

Target organs

A

The organ with receptor molecules on its cell surfaces which recognize a specific hormone.

26
Q

Adrenaline

A

Hormone that is released from the adrenal gland when you are nervous or excited

27
Q

Thyroxine

A

A hormone released by the thyroid gland which affects metabolic rate by changing how certain cells work, e.g. causes heart cells to contract more strongl

28
Q

Adrenal gland

A

Gland located on the top of the kidney that secretes adrenaline

29
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Gland that releases the hormone thyroxine into the blood, situated in the neck

30
Q

Metabolism

A

All the chemical reactions that occur in your body

31
Q

Hypothalamus

A

The part of the brain that detects changes in blood temperature and water concentration

32
Q

Pancreas

A

Large gland located in the abdomen near the stomach which produces digestive enzymes and the hormone insulin.

33
Q

Pituitary gland

A

An endocrine gland that is located just below the centre of the brain. It releases a number of important hormones

34
Q

Diabetes

A

A serious disease in which the body is unable to regulate blood sugar.

Combined Science KEY WORDS (9 decks)

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