biology respiration Flashcards
what is aerobic respiration
the breaking down of glucose to release energy (ATP), water, CO2 in the presence of oxygen
where does aerobic respiration occur
organelle mitochondria
what is the equation for aerobic respiration
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + 38 ATP
what is ATP
an energy carrying molecule found in living things
what is the first stage of aerobic respiration
glycolysis
glucose molecule (6-carbon molecule) converted into 2 pyruvate molecules, 2ATP, 2NADH in cell’s cytoplasm.
-not require oxygen
overall reaction for glycolysis
Glucose + 2ADP + 2Pi + 2NAD+ → 2 Pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH
2nd stage of aerobic respiration
Krebs cycle
pyruvate diffuses from cytoplasm into mitochondrion matrix and broken down through a series of reactions. energy produced is transferred to electron carriers NADH and FADH₂ for future use (oxygen used)
for every pyruvate molecule broken down. krebs cycle produces what molecules?
3 CO2 (waste product)
3 NADH (electron transfer molecule)
1 FADH₂ (electron transfer molecule)
ATP
what is 3rd stage of aerobic respiration
electron transfer chain
series of protein in mitochondrial inner membrane (cristae) that transfers electrons and protons which drive production of ATP
what is anaerobic respiration
process where eukaryote cells break down glucose to generate energy in absence of oxygen.
also called fermentation
what are the 2 types of fermentation
- animals- lactic acid fermentation
- plants/yeast- alcholic fermentation
explain animals- lactic acid fermentation
glycolysis occurs but pyruvate converted to lactic acid instead of entering Krebs cycle and electron transfer chain. reaction occurs in cytoplasm and lactic acid diffuses out of cell. net production of 2 ATP
explain- plants/yeast- alcoholic fermentation
glycolysis occurs but pyruvate converted to ethanol instead of entering Krebs cycle and electron transfer chain. reaction occurs in cytoplasm and ethanol diffuses out of cell. net production of 2 ATP
differences between aerobic and anarobic respiration
aerobic
-more efficient
-occurs in cytoplasm and mitochondria
-30-38 ATP per glucose -glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transfer chain.
anaerobic
-less efficient
-occurs in cytoplasm only
-2 ATP per glucose
-glycolysis & fermentation
what is process of electron transport chain
Electron carriers (NADH & FADH2 from the Krebs cycle) oxidized to NAD+ & FAD, respectively, releasing hydrogen ions (H+) and electrons (e-). As electrons move through the electron transport chain, energy is released, which is captured to produce 26–28 ATP. At the end of electron transport chain, electrons and hydrogen ions combine with oxygen (O2) to form water (H2O).
