Biology - PPQ

Question 1

What systems can be found in an animal?

Answer 1

Central Nervous System
Circulatory
Respiratory
Digestive
Excretory
Skeletal
Endocrine
Reproductive
Immune

Question 2

What are nitrates use for in plants?

Answer 2

Making amino acids and proteins

Question 3

What is meant by the term pathogen?

Answer 3

Organisms that cause disease

Question 4

Describe the process of micropropagation

Answer 4

Take explants
Place in agar with nutrients and hormones to stimulate growth
In aspic conditions
Providing light and water

Question 5

How can you use an indicator to show the exchange of carbon dioxide from a leaf in the light and in the dark?

Answer 5

Hydrogen-carbonate indicator
In the dark: more CO2: yellow indicator
In the light: less CO2: red/purple indicator

Question 6

Explain what is meant by a transgenic organism

Answer 6

An organism containing genes from multiple different species

Question 7

What are some uses of transgenic organisms?

Answer 7

Bioluminescence
Insulin production
Human organ growth

Question 8

Which direction would translocation go if a plant had a mature leaf and a young leaf?

Answer 8

Mature leaf -> young leaf

Question 9

What substances are moved by translocation?

Answer 9

Amino acids
Water
Minerals

Question 10

What extra detail is needed when using quadrats?

Answer 10

Control variable

Question 11

How does selective breeding take place?

Answer 11

• Breed species with required characteristic
• Use the offspring to breed
• Continue over several generations

Question 12

Why should bred be wholegrain if possible?

Answer 12

Contains fibre

Question 13

What are the parts of a balanced diet?

Answer 13

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Vitamins
Minerals
Fibre
Water

Question 14

What are the benefits of cloning transgenic organisms?

Answer 14

Genetically identical
so no need to re-GM

More organisms produced

Question 15

Explain natural selection

Answer 15

• Natural selection
• Causes variation
• Due to a random mutation to the genes
• So those with the mutation will survive because…
• Therefore they will reproduce
• and pass on the allele

Question 16

Define ‘tissue’

Answer 16

A group of similar cells working together

To perform the same role

Question 17

Where is the blood vessel located that carries blood at the highest pressure?

Answer 17

Leaving the left (right) side of the heart

Question 18

Where are the blood vessels located that carry the highest concentration of carbon dioxide, and oxygen?

Answer 18

CO2: into lungs
O2: out of lungs

Question 19

What is the name for controlling the concentration of blood?

Answer 19

Osmoregulation

Question 20

Explain ‘mutation’

Answer 20

• Random

- Genetic change

Question 21

What is the testing regent for starch, and what is the colour change?

Answer 21

Iodine

Brown -> Blue

Question 22

What is the liquid called that is within the uterus?

Answer 22

Amniotic fluid

Question 23

Oxygen

Answer 23

Respiration

Question 24

Oxygen

Answer 24

Respiration

Question 25

Oxygen

Answer 25

Respiration

Question 26

How do you clone a mammal?

Answer 26

- Insert the original animal’s cell nucleus - into the female gamete - of a surrogate mother - Mitosis occurs - to produce an embryo - in the womb of the surrogate mother

Question 27

Which is the main enzyme that act in the stomach?

Answer 27

Pepsin

Question 28

Which is the main enzyme that acts in saliva, and on what?

Answer 28

Amylase - acting on starch

Question 29

Why does pesticide stop working after a while?

Answer 29

- Members of the affected species develop a resistance due to a mutation - They reproduce and pass on the allele

Question 30

How do you get more water in urine?

Answer 30

LESS ADH from pituitary gland LESS permeable collecting duct MORE water in urine

Question 31

How do you get less water in urine?

Answer 31

MORE ADH from pituitary gland MORE permeable collecting duct LESS water in urine

Question 32

In which direction does water travel from between the collecting duct and the blood stream?

Answer 32

Collecting duct -> Blood stream

Question 33

How do you know which side of a heart diagram is the right or left?

Answer 33

The diagram is always drawn with the right hand side (RHS) on the left, and vice verse

Question 34

Which chamber is at the top of the heart?

Answer 34

Atrium at the top, ventricle at the bottom

Question 35

What control variables are used when testing with humans?

Answer 35

``` Age Gender Diet Exercise schedule Duration of reading ```

Question 36

Which greenhouse gas is emitted from old refrigerators?

Answer 36

CFC

Question 37

What are two advantages of using less antibiotics in fish farms?

Answer 37

- Bacteria won’t develop a resistance | - Humans don’t want to eat them

Question 38

In CORMS, which organism is the O about?

Answer 38

The organism mentioned in the question, the one being studied