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Extra - Science > Biology - PPQ > Flashcards

Biology - PPQ Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What systems can be found in an animal?

A 
Central Nervous System
Circulatory
Respiratory
Digestive
Excretory
Skeletal
Endocrine
Reproductive
Immune
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2
Q

What are nitrates use for in plants?

A

Making amino acids and proteins

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3
Q

What is meant by the term pathogen?

A

Organisms that cause disease

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4
Q

Describe the process of micropropagation

A

Take explants
Place in agar with nutrients and hormones to stimulate growth
In aspic conditions
Providing light and water

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5
Q

How can you use an indicator to show the exchange of carbon dioxide from a leaf in the light and in the dark?

A

Hydrogen-carbonate indicator
In the dark: more CO2: yellow indicator
In the light: less CO2: red/purple indicator

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6
Q

Explain what is meant by a transgenic organism

A

An organism containing genes from multiple different species

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7
Q

What are some uses of transgenic organisms?

A

Bioluminescence
Insulin production
Human organ growth

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8
Q

Which direction would translocation go if a plant had a mature leaf and a young leaf?

A

Mature leaf -> young leaf

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9
Q

What substances are moved by translocation?

A

Amino acids
Water
Minerals

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10
Q

What extra detail is needed when using quadrats?

A

Control variable

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11
Q

How does selective breeding take place?

A
  • Breed species with required characteristic
  • Use the offspring to breed
  • Continue over several generations
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12
Q

Why should bred be wholegrain if possible?

A

Contains fibre

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13
Q

What are the parts of a balanced diet?

A 
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Vitamins
Minerals
Fibre
Water
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14
Q

What are the benefits of cloning transgenic organisms?

A

Genetically identical
so no need to re-GM

More organisms produced

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15
Q

Explain natural selection

A
  • Natural selection
  • Causes variation
  • Due to a random mutation to the genes
  • So those with the mutation will survive because…
  • Therefore they will reproduce
  • and pass on the allele
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16
Q

Define ‘tissue’

A

A group of similar cells working together

To perform the same role

17
Q

Where is the blood vessel located that carries blood at the highest pressure?

A

Leaving the left (right) side of the heart

18
Q

Where are the blood vessels located that carry the highest concentration of carbon dioxide, and oxygen?

A

CO2: into lungs
O2: out of lungs

19
Q

What is the name for controlling the concentration of blood?

A

Osmoregulation

20
Q

Explain ‘mutation’

A
  • Random

- Genetic change

21
Q

What is the testing regent for starch, and what is the colour change?

A

Iodine

Brown -> Blue

22
Q

What is the liquid called that is within the uterus?

A

Amniotic fluid

23
Q

Oxygen

A

Respiration

24
Q

Oxygen

A

Respiration

25
Q

Oxygen

A

Respiration

26
Q

How do you clone a mammal?

A
  • Insert the original animal’s cell nucleus
  • into the female gamete
  • of a surrogate mother
  • Mitosis occurs
  • to produce an embryo
  • in the womb of the surrogate mother
27
Q

Which is the main enzyme that act in the stomach?

A

Pepsin

28
Q

Which is the main enzyme that acts in saliva, and on what?

A

Amylase - acting on starch

29
Q

Why does pesticide stop working after a while?

A
  • Members of the affected species develop a resistance due to a mutation
  • They reproduce and pass on the allele
30
Q

How do you get more water in urine?

A

LESS ADH from pituitary gland
LESS permeable collecting duct
MORE water in urine

31
Q

How do you get less water in urine?

A

MORE ADH from pituitary gland
MORE permeable collecting duct
LESS water in urine

32
Q

In which direction does water travel from between the collecting duct and the blood stream?

A

Collecting duct -> Blood stream

33
Q

How do you know which side of a heart diagram is the right or left?

A

The diagram is always drawn with the right hand side (RHS) on the left, and vice verse

34
Q

Which chamber is at the top of the heart?

A

Atrium at the top, ventricle at the bottom

35
Q

What control variables are used when testing with humans?

A 
Age
Gender
Diet
Exercise schedule
Duration of reading
36
Q

Which greenhouse gas is emitted from old refrigerators?

A

CFC

37
Q

What are two advantages of using less antibiotics in fish farms?

A
  • Bacteria won’t develop a resistance

- Humans don’t want to eat them

38
Q

In CORMS, which organism is the O about?

A

The organism mentioned in the question, the one being studied

Extra - Science (9 decks)

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