Biology - Part 2

Question 1

What are the components of the right and left side of the heart?

Answer 1

Right: atrium, ventricle, tricuspid (AV) and pulmonary valve

Left: atrium, ventricle, mitral (AV) and aortic valve

Question 2

What is also in the circulatory system besides the heart?

Answer 2

Blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) and blood

Question 3

What is the flow of blood through the body? See picture

Answer 3

SVC & IVC → right atrium → tricuspid → right ventricle → pulmonary valve → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium → mitral valve → left ventricle → aortic valve → aorta

Question 4

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 4

Air exchange

Supplies tissues with oxygenated blood and removes carbon dioxide

Question 5

What is the flow of the respiratory system?

Answer 5

Nasal cavity → pharynx → larynx → trachea → R. and L. bronchial tubes → alveoli → capillaries

Question 6

What is the central nervous system?

Answer 6

Brain and spinal cord

Question 7

What is the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 7

Cranial and spinal nerves

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Somatic nervous system

Question 8

What is the autonomic nervous system? The two types?

Answer 8

Involuntary; motor; works together to maintain balanced internal environment

Sympathetic NS: Fight-or-Flight

Parasympathetic NS: Feed-and-Breed

Question 9

What is the somatic nervous system?

Answer 9

Voluntary

Motor

12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of peripheral nerves

Question 10

What are the three parts of the neurons and what do they each do?

Answer 10

Dendrites: receives stimuli from internal and external environment and brings it to the body

Axons: conducts electrical impulses away from the body

Synapse: structure that allows transmission of electrical or chemical signals to another cell

Question 11

What is the main function of the nervous system?

Answer 11

Provides sensory, motor, and integrative functions in order to react to stimuli and maintain homeostasis

Question 12

What is the sensory function of the nervous system?

Answer 12

Receives information about pain, temperature, heat, pressure, etc…

Face, fingers, and toes are more sensitive b/c they have greater # of sensory neurons

Reflex: signal is sent to the spinal cord, and back to the muscle before the signal is sent to brain

Question 13

What is the motor function and integrative function of the nervous system?

Answer 13

Motor Function: carries information from CNS to effectors, glands and muscles

Integrative Function: uses sensory information and memories to make decisions, develops thoughts and feelings, association and executive functions

Question 14

What are the functions of the digestive tract and the components?

Answer 14

Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption

Mechanical (teeth) and chemical (enzymes) breakdown

Gastrointestinal tract and accessory structures

Question 15

What is the flow of food of the digestive system?

Answer 15

Mouth (bolus) → esophagus → stomach (chyme) → small intestines (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) → large intestine → anus

Question 16

What are the acessory structures of the digestive systems?

Answer 16

Teeth, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gall bladder

Question 17

What is peristalsis?

Answer 17

Stomach and intestines are lined by smooth muscles, which produce peristalsis, or rhythmic contractions that propels food.

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth by salivary amylase.

Question 18

What do the enzymes of the digestive system do?

Answer 18

Enzymes breakdown carbs, fats, and proteins for absorption in the intestines

Question 19

What does the stomach do?

Answer 19

Stomach secretes mucus, proteases, HCl, and IF; mechanical digestion

Question 20

What does the pyloric sphincter do?

Answer 20

Pyloric sphincter releases crude chyme into the duodenum for further digestion and absorption