Biology - Part 1 Flashcards
What is anatomy?
Study of the structure of organs and body systems
What is physiology?
Study of the function of the organs and body systems
What are the seven levels of organisms, from greatest size to smallest size?
Organism
Organ system
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Molecules
Atoms
What do you need to do next?
Know the definition and meaning of each level of organization.
What are the functions and features of epithelial tissues?
Provides covering (skin) or produces secretions (glandular)
Sheets, can regenerate
No vascularization - nutrients and gas exchange via diffusion
What are the types of cell shapes and cell sizes?
Size:
Simple (absorption, filtration, secretion)
Stratified (protection)
Shapes:
Cuboidal
Columnar
Squamous
What are the functions and features of nervous tissue?
Provides structure for brain, spinal cord, and nerves
Neurons generate electrical impulses
Support cells (myelin)
What are the functions and features of connective tissue?
Connects different structures of the body
Bone, cartilage, adipose, and blood vessels
Vascularized, but some connective tissue are not
What are the differences between skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle tissue?
Skeletal = Voluntary, consciously controlled; connected to bones
Smooth = Involuntary; intestines, blood vessels, bladder, uterus
Cardiac = Involuntary; heart
What are the anatomical terms?
What are the functions of the human body? See pdf next.
Adaption
Circulation
Elimination
Locomotion
Nutrition
Oxygenation
Regulation
Self-duplication
How do organ systems maintain boundaries?
Eukaryotic cells have highly specific, semi-permeable membranes
Integumentary system protects body from environmental stimuli and pathogens
How do organ systems respond to environmental change?
Ability to sense and response to environmental stimuli
Voluntary and involuntary responses
How do organ systems move?
Muscular system moves the bones in the skeletal system both voluntarily and involuntarily
The digestive, urinary, respiratory, reproductive, and cardiovascular system involuntarily
How do organs systems digest and ingest?
Breaks down and absorbs nutrients which are moved to tissues through the circulatory system
How do organ systems reproduce?
Hormones regulate reproduction
How do organ systems grow, starting with nutrients?
Digestive system removes nutrients from food,
Cardiovascular system transports nutrients,
Endocrine system releases hormones that signal growth, musculoskeletal system changes shape
How do organ systems excrete?
Waste is eliminated by the body via the digestive and urinary systems
How do organ systems metabolize?
Digestive and respiratory system supplies the nutrients and oxygen required to facilitate metabolism
Blood is distributed throughout the body by the circulatory system; endocrine system regulates the body’s metabolism.
What is the function of the circulatory system?
Digestive and respiratory system supplies the nutrients and oxygen required to facilitate metabolism
Blood is distributed throughout the body by the circulatory system
Endocrine system regulates the body’s metabolism.
