Biology paper 1 (cell biology)

Question 1

What does the nucleus contain?

Answer 1

The genetic material of the cell(DNA)

Question 2

Give a difference between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell

Answer 2

Eukaryotic cells contain their genetic material enclosed in a nucleus, whereas it isn’t in prokaryotic

Question 3

Are prokaryotic cells smaller than eukaryotic?

Answer 3

Yes they are smaller

Question 4

Is a bacterial cell prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Answer 4

Prokaryotic

Question 5

Describe the structure of a prokaryotic cell

Answer 5

Single loop of DNA, also small rings of DNA called plasmids they have also got a cell membrane and a cell wall(bacterial cell wall not a plant one), cytoplasm

Question 6

How much is 1cm in metres?

Answer 6

1cm=1x10-2

Question 7

How much is 1 cm in millimetres?

Answer 7

1cm=10mm

Question 8

How many millimetres in a metre?

Answer 8

1mm=1x10-3m

Question 9

What does a milli mean?

Answer 9

It means a thousandth

Question 10

How many micrometres in a metre?

Answer 10

1x10-6m

Question 11

Meaning of micro?

Answer 11

Micro means a millionth

Question 12

What is the size of a typical human cell?

Answer 12

10-20Micrometres

Question 13

How many nano-metres in a metre?

Answer 13

1x10-9m

Question 14

what does nano mean?

Answer 14

A billionth

Question 15

How big is a haemoglobin molecule in diameter?

Answer 15

5 nano-metres

Question 16

What does it mean if something is around the same size?

Answer 16

Means they have around the same order of magnitude

Question 17

What does it mean to be 1 order of magnitude larger

Answer 17

means its 10x larger

Question 18

If someone is 2 orders of magnitude larger what does it mean

Answer 18

100x larger

Question 19

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 19

To enclose the genetic material

Question 20

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 20

A watery solution where all the chemical reactions take place such as the first stage of respiration

Question 21

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 21

To control the molecules that go in and out of the cell

Question 22

Can we see the mitochondria and the ribosomes with the naked eye?

Answer 22

No

Question 23

Where does aerobic respiration take place?

Answer 23

In the mitochondria

Question 24

Do we use a light or electron microscope to see Mitochondria?

Answer 24

We use Electron microscopes

Question 25

Where does proteinsynthesis take place?

Answer 25

Ribosomes

Question 26

Do plant cells have a regular shape?

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

What do plant cells contain?

Answer 27

Ribosomes cell membrane cell wall vacuole nucleus mitochondria chloroplast cytoplasm

Question 28

Where does photosynthesis take place?

Answer 28

In chlororplasts

Question 29

What is a cell wall made up of?

Answer 29

Cellulose strengthens the cell wall

Question 30

Is Algae a plant cell or animal?

Answer 30

Plant

Question 31

What is found in the vacuole?

Answer 31

Cell sap, helps cell maintain its shape

Question 32

Are most animal cells specialized?

Answer 32

Yes

Question 33

What does it mean to be specialised?

Answer 33

To have adaptations to help them carry out a specific function

Question 34

Describe the process of differentiation?

Answer 34

When cells become specialised

Question 35

Describe the process of fertilisation?

Answer 35

When the sperm cells joins with a ovum

Question 36

What happens during fertilisation?

Answer 36

The genetic information of the ovum and sperm combine

Question 37

How are sperm cells adapted to carry out their function?

Answer 37

They contain genetic information in the nucleus
.They have long tails to let them swim.
. They’re also streamlined to make this easier

Question 38

What are sperm cells packed with?

Answer 38

Mitochondria to provide energy for them to swim

Question 39

What are sperm cells also contained with?

Answer 39

Enzymes which allow them to digest their way though the outer layer