biology paper 1 Flashcards
what are enzymes
catalysts produced by living things
what do enzymes have
special shapes with an active site to help catalyse reactions
what is the optimum temperature and pH for an enzyme
37oC and pH 7
carbohydrases converts ???
carbohydrates into simple sugars
proteases converts ???
proteins into amino acids
lipases converts ???
lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
what does the salivary gland do
produces amylase in the saliva
what does the liver do?
produces bile which neutralises stomach acids and emulsified fats
what does the gall bladder do?
bile is stored before released into small intestine
what does the stomach do?
pummels food with muscular walls
produces protease and pepsin
produces HCL
what does the pancreas do?
produces protease, amylase and lipase before releasing them into small intestine
what does the small intestine do?
produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes
digested food is absorbed out and into the blood
explain the process of breathing
air is breathed through the trachea then splits into two bronchi. these split into bronchioles. these end at alveoli for gas exchange
how does gas exchange take place in the alveoli
oxygen diffuses into the blood and CO2 diffuses our of the blood to be breathed out
what is anaerobic respiration
occurs if there is no oxygen.
glucose —-> lactic acid
doesn’t transfer as much oxygen as aerobic respiration
