Biology p2

Question 1

What is the process of Transcription?

Answer 1

• An enzyme binds to the DNA before the desired gene
• The 2 strands of DNA separate apart
• The enzyme reads the bases, and produces an mRNA strand, which has complimentary bases to the DNA (template strand)
  (A on DNA, complimentary to a U on mRNA)
• Once the mRNA is formed, the DNA closes
• The mRNA is now free, and so leaves the nucleus to a ribosome

Question 2

What is the process of Translation?

Answer 2

At the ribosome
- Amino acids are bought to the Ribosome by carrier molecules/tRNA, which have an amino acid on the top, and anti-codon at the bottom (complimentary to a codon on mRNA)
- tRNA brings the correct amino acids to the ribosome in the correct order
- The ribosome begins to build a protein by joining the amino acids together, with the carrier molecules detaching until a full chain on amino acids is produces
- the chain detaches from the mRNA and folds in on its self to form a specific protein
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Question 3

What is the process of Protein Synthesis?

Answer 3

• Copy a gene, producing an mRNA strand, which is small enough to leave the nucleus

Question 4

What are the features of the structure of mRNA?

Answer 4

• Much shorter than DNA
• Only a single strand not a double(double helix)
• Contains U (Uracil) instead of T (Thymine)