Biology p1 Flashcards
Cell cycle
Affects of exercise on the body
Affect of leaky valve on body
Affect of blocked duct in the body (enzymes, bile etc)
Difference between xylem and phloem
Mitosis and Meiosis advantages and disadvantages
Roles of plant tissue
How does air exit the lungs (breathing out) in terms of pressure?
How does air enter the lungs (breathing in) in terms of pressure?
Chemical defences in plants
Physical defences in plants
Defences like Mimicry in plants
Use of monoclonal antibodies
Use of monoclonal antibodies and cancer
What are the impacts of non-communicable diseases?
How can chemicals from smoking affect a person?
How does smoking affect the heart?
How can Exercise and health affect the body?
What are the uses for energy transferred during respiration?
What do organisms use the energy supplied from respiration for?
What is the response of the body during exercise?
When muscular activity increases (during exercise), how does the body change
What is the word equation for Anaerobic respiration?
What are some examples of metabolic reactions?
What is the reaction equation for anaerobic respiration in plants + yeast?
Affects of exercise on the body
Affect of leaky valve on body
Affect of blocked duct in the body (enzymes, bile etc)
Difference between xylem and phloem
Mitosis and Meiosis advantages and disadvantages
Roles of plant tissue
How does air exit the lungs (breathing out) in terms of pressure?
How does air enter the lungs (breathing in) in terms of pressure?
Chemical defences in plants
Physical defences in plants
Defences like Mimicry in plants
Use of monoclonal antibodies
Use of monoclonal antibodies and cancer
What are the impacts of non-communicable diseases?
financial cost if wage-earner can no longer work
local communities left to support ill people, through taxes or by taking care of families
costs nations money, expense of treatment, loss of money when workforce is affected (ill people)
global economy suffers (disease affects younger, working age population)
affect more than communicable disease, greater effect on humans and economy
How can chemicals from smoking affect a person?
cilia in trachea and bronchi move mucus, bacteria and dirt from lungs. They stop working due to some chemicals in tobacco smoke temporarily.
allows a build up of dirt and pathogens into the lungs, increasing infection risk and causing coughing due to mucus build up
tar turns lungs from pink to grey, more likely to develop bronchitis (inflammation and infection of the bronchi)
How does smoking affect the heart?
more likely to suffer from cardiovascular issues, casual link
narrows blood vessels in skin, ageing
Nicotine increases heart rate, other chemicals damage lining of arteries, increasing chance of Coronary heart disease, increase risk of clots
mix of chemicals-> increase BP
increased risk of cardiovascular disease (heart attacks, strokes)
How can Exercise and health affect the body?
food eaten transfers energy to muscles for respiration (amount of exercise affects amount of respiration in muscles, and amount of food needed)
people who exercise regularly are usually much fitter, have bigger muscles (which needs more energy from food rather than to body fat), fitter hearts, bigger lungs
regularly exercising means less risk of developing cardiovascular disease, less health problems (type 2 diabetes)
casual mechanisms: more muscle tissue, higher metabolic rate, less likely to be overweight. (reduce risk of arthiritis, diabetes, high blood pressure) Regular exercise lowers blood cholesterol levels, balances types of cholesterol, reduces fatty deposits in coronary arteries, lowering risk of heart disease
DO B7+B8+B9 FLASHCARDS
What are the uses for energy transferred during respiration?
build smaller molecules into bigger molecules: plants build glucose-> cellulose (complex carbohydrate), STRENGTHEN CELL WALLS
convert some glucose into starch (main energy store in a plant)
convert some glucose into amino acids (build into proteins, many uses ie enzyme)
convert some glucose to build up fats and oils, energy store in seeds or make cell walls stronger
What do organisms use the energy supplied from respiration for?
Build large molecules from smaller molecules for new cell material (synthesis reactions)
Break down larger molecules to smaller
Make muscles contract (heart beat, stomach churn) (animals)
Constant internal body temp (mammals + birds)
Move mineral ions (nitrates into root hair cells, convert sugars + nitrates + nutrients into amino acids -> proteins) (Plants)
What is the response of the body during exercise?
many muscles contract harder + faster, need more glucose + oxygen for respiration
produce increased amounts of CO2, needs to be removed to work effectively
When muscular activity increases (during exercise), how does the body change
heart rate increases, arteries supplying blood to muscles dilate-> increase rate of oxygen + glucose supply for increased cellular respiration needed and increases removal rate of CO2
breathing rate increases + deeper breaths, bring more air into lungs, increase oxygen in body + in red blood cells to muscles, removing CO2 more quickly from blood to lungs, breathed out
glycogen is converted back to glucose, supply cells with fuel for increased cellular respiration-
What is the word equation for Anaerobic respiration?
What are some examples of metabolic reactions?
What is the reaction equation for anaerobic respiration in plants + yeast?
glucose-> lactic acid
