Biology of Cancer Flashcards
1
Q
Cancer?
A
- Uncontrolled division of abnormal cells
2
Q
Types of mutation?
A
Germline - present in zygote and therefore in every cell of body
Somatic - only present after division of embryo, so in some of cells
3
Q
Oncogenes
Tumour Suppressor genes
DNA Repair genes
A
- Role in positive control of cell growth and division. Are derived from Proto-oncogenes
- Most inherited cancers are due to mutations in this gene
- Repair damaged DNA
4
Q
Treatment:
Curative or Pallative
Surgery
Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy
Targeted therapy
Endocrine therapy
Immunotherapy
A
- To cure cancer or prolong life, respectively
- Has palliative intent
- 1 dose = fraction
- Damage DNA to stop replication
- Radiation to specific area
- Used in hormone-driven cancers, like breast/prostate
- Prevents cancer from evading immune system
5
Q
Cancer stages: Stage 0 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4
A
- Early carcinoma
- Localised tumour
- Starting to spread
- Lots of spread
- Metastasis
