Biology Mock Exam 2021

Question 1

Photosynthesis is a ______ reaction used by ______ to make _______ and ________ (products) from ______ _______ and _______ (reactants)

Answer 1

chemical, plants, glucose, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water

Question 2

Photosynthesis is an e_______ reaction - it uses/takes in _______ from the _________ in order to take place.

Specifically, photosynthesis takes in _______ from the ____. , through the _____ it emits

Answer 2

endothermic, energy, environment

energy, sun, light

Question 3

The word and symbol equation for Photosynthesis is

_____ ______ + ______ —-> _______ + ________

__ ___ + __ ____ —-> ________ + __ ___

Answer 3

Carbon Dioxide + Water —-> Glucose + Oxygen

6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2

Question 4

The _____ from the ____ in photosynthesis is absorbed by a green ______ called ________ in the l_____.

________ is found in ________ in ______ cells.

Answer 4

light, sun, pigment, chlorophyll, leaves

Chlorophyll, chloroplasts, plant

Question 5

The ______- ______ needed for photosynthesis comes from the ___ and enters the leaves through the ________.

Answer 5

carbon-dioxide, air, stomata

Question 6

W_______ enters the plant through the ____, and is transported to the _____ in the ______.

Answer 6

Water, roots, leaves, xylem

Question 7

Some of the _______ produced from photosynthesis is used during cellular ________, and some is converted to _______ to be ______.

Some of the ______ is also used to make larger, complex ________ that the plants need to ____ (e.g. Lipids, ______ and more). These make up the organisms _______.

Answer 7

glucose, respiration, starch, stored

Question 8

Photosynthesis takes place in the __________. These contains the _______ that catalyse ________ in photosynthesis as well as ________, which is a green ______ that absorbs _____.

Answer 8

chloroplasts, enzymes, reactions, chlorophyll, pigment, light

Question 9

The two stages of photosynthesis are

• _____-_______ stage
• _____-_________ stage

Answer 9

Light-dependent stage

Light-independent stage

Question 10

The light-dependent stage is the _____ stage of photosynthesis where _____ is used to _____ water into _________ and ________.

The _______ is released as a _____ product and the ________ is carried off into the ________ stage (LID).

This stage requires ______ in order to take place

Answer 10

first, light, split, hydrogen, oxygen

oxygen, waste, hydrogen, second

light

Question 11

The LID is the _______ stage of photosynthesis. This is when _______ _______ enters the cell which combines with the _________ molecules to form ________.

This stage does not require _____ in order to take place.

Answer 11

second, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, glucose

light

Question 12

The 3 limiting factors of photosynthesis are

• Amount of ______
• Amount of ______ _______
• __________

Answer 12

Light
Carbon Dioxide
Temperature

Question 13

Light transfers the ______ needed for photosynthesis.

As light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis _______ until up to a ______ point - at this point, light is not a _______ factor - adding more light will make no _______ , so ____ and _______ may be responsible.

Answer 13

energy

increases, certain, limiting, difference/change, CO2 , temperature

Question 14

It is important to use a _____ meter to get the most _______ results when plotting _____ intensity. Or you’ll have ti use the ______ square law as when distance _______, light intensity _______ .

Answer 14

light, accurate, light. inverse square law, increases, decreases

Question 15

The formula for inverse square law is

_____ intensity = 1/___

Answer 15

Light intensity = 1/d2

Question 16

Graph of Light intensity and rate of photosynthesis

Y Axis = ____ of photosynthesis

X Axis = _____ intensity

Graph is a _____ that gradually ______ until a certain _____ where it completely _______ out and becomes _______.

Answer 16

Y Axis = Rate of photosynthesis

X Axis = Light intensity

curve, increases, point, flattens, constant

Question 17

____ Is one of the substances needed for photosynthesis.

Increasing CO2 will ______ the rate of _________, up till a _______ point where the graph _______ out and becomes ________ - CO2 is no longer a limiting ______, and so _____ and ________ may be responsible.

Answer 17

CO2

increase, photosynthesis, certain, flattens, constant, factor, light, temperature

Question 18

Graph of level of CO2 (%) and rate of photosynthesis.

Y Axis = ____ of photosynthesis

X Axis = Level of ___ (%)

Graph is a _____ that gradually ______ until a certain _____ where it completely _______ out and becomes _______.

Answer 18

Y Axis = Rate of photosynthesis

X Axis = Level of CO2 (%)

curve, increases, point, flattens, constant

Question 19

Temperature - If the temp is too low, there will be less _______ between enzymes and _______ which _____ the reaction.

If the temp is too high, the enzymes would have _______ so less ______ can take place which _______ the rate of photosynthesis.

There is an ideal, ______ temperature - this is the temperature at which the rate of _________ is at its ________.

Answer 19

collisions, substrates, slows

denatured, reactions, decreases

optimum, photosynthesis, highest

Question 20

To summarise

Temp low - Enzymes ____
Temp high - Enzymes ______

Best rate - At _______ temp

Answer 20

slow
denatured

optimum

Question 21

Enzymes are biological _______ - they ______ __ the rate of _______ reactions in the body.

They _______ reactions in both ______ and _______.

Answer 21

catalysts, speed up, chemical

catalyse, plants, animals

Question 22

Every enzyme has an ______ site - the part of an enzyme which has a specific ______ which can only _______ a certain ________.

Enzymes usually only work for ___ specific type of ________. - other enzymes will not ___ in the ______ ____ and thus won’t be _______.

Answer 22

active, shape, catalyse, enzyme

one, enzyme, fit, active site, catalysed

Question 23

Enzymes follow the ____ and ____ model - the ______ ____ shape allows only ____ specific type of _______ to be _______ - only this ______ can fit into the ______ site (like a ____ and a ___!)

Answer 23

lock and key model, active site’s, one, substrate, catalyses, substrate, active site, lock and a key

Question 24

The 3 factors affect the rate of _______ for enzymes

• _________
• ___
• ________ concentration

Answer 24

reaction

• Temperature
• pH
• Substrate concentration

Question 25

Increasing temperature at first increases the _______ of enzymes and ________, thus allowing for more enzymes and ________ to ______ and form _______-______ complexes.

Answer 25

energy, substrates, substrates, collide, enzyme-substrate complexes

Question 26

If it gets too ___, some of the _____ holding the enzyme together ______ - this causes the ______ ____ of the enzyme to _______ (change ______), so the ________ won't fit anymore. All enzymes have an _______ temperature at which their rate of _______ is at it's _______.

Answer 26

hot, bonds, break, active site, denature, shape, substrate optimum, reaction, highest

Question 27

Graph of Enzyme rate of _______ and temperature Shaped like an _______ U shape, with a gradual ________ and then _________. Y Axis = Rate of _______ X axis = __________

Answer 27

reaction inverted/upside down, increase, decrease

Question 28

pH also affects enzymes. If it's too ____ or too ____, the pH interferes with the _____ holding the _______ together - this causes the enzyme to _______ (_____ ____ changes ______) All enzymes have an _______ pH at which they ____ work at. It's often neutral pH __, but not always

Answer 28

high, low, bonds, enzymes, denature (active site changes shape) optimum, best, pH 7

Question 29

Graph of Enzyme rate of _______ and pH Shaped like an _______ U shape, with a gradual ________ and then _________. X Axis = ___ Y axis = Rate of ________

Answer 29

reaction inverted/upside down, increase, decrease X Axis = pH Y Axis = Rate of reaction

Question 30

________ concentration also affects the rate of _______ - higher the ________ _______, the _______ the reaction as it'll be more _______ that an enzyme will meet up and ______ with a ________. This is only up until a _____ point - there are so many ________ that all ______ ____ are full and so adding more ________ will make no difference.

Answer 30

Substrate, reaction, substrate concentration, faster, common/likely, react, substrate certain, substrates, active sites, substrates

Question 31

Graph of Substrate Concentration and rate of reaction Y Axis = ____ of reaction X Axis = ________ concentration Graph is a _____ that gradually ______ until a certain _____ where it completely _______ out and becomes _______.

Answer 31

Y Axis = Rate of reaction X Axis = Substrate concentration curve, increases, point, flattens, constant

Question 32

Light absorption in the leaf happens in the ________ ________ tissue of the leaf. ________ cells are _______-shaped and packed with many __________. They are arranged ______ together so that a lot of light energy can be _________.

Answer 32

palisade mesophyll Palisade, column, chloroplasts closely, absorbed

Question 33

Cross section of a leaf

Answer 33

Search the image for it

Question 34

3 features of leaves and their functions Large _______ ____ - To maximise _____ absorption Thin - Short _______ for _____-______ to _______ into leaf cells _______ - A waxy ________ layer which reduces ______ loss, it is ________ to allow light through the leaf

Answer 34

Large Surface Area, light distance, carbon-dioxide, diffuse Cuticle, waterproof, water, transparent

Question 35

The stomata controls ___ ________ in the leaf. Each stoma can be _____ or ______, depending on how _____ its ____ cells are.

Answer 35

gas exchange, open, closed, turgid, guard

Question 36

The stomata can open and close to - Regulate ________ - Allow ___ _______

Answer 36

transpiration gas exchange

Question 37

Diffusion of CO2, __ and _____ _____ into (or out of) the leaf is greatest when the stomata are ____, during the ____time.

Answer 37

O2, water vapour, open, daytime

Question 38

The Xylem transports ____ and _______ from the _____ up to other parts of the plant The Phloem transports _______ and _______ ____ from the ______ and other parts of the plant.

Answer 38

water, minerals, roots sucrose, amino acids, leaves

Question 39

The Xylem consists of elongated _____ cells, that are connected ___ to ___ to form continuous _______ (tubes)

Answer 39

dead, end to end, vessels

Question 40

Xylems vessels - Contain no _________ - Are ________ to water - Have tough _____ containing a woody material called _____.

Answer 40

no cytoplasm impermeable to water tough walls, lignin

Question 41

Phloem consist of ______ cells arranged ___ to ___. They contain _______, and this goes through the holes in the _____ _____ from one cell to the ______. Chemicals such as ________ also move through the plant by _________.

Answer 41

living cells, end to end, cytoplasm, sieve plates, next pesticides, translocation

Question 42

Phloem transports _______ and _______ ____ up and _____ the plant - This is called __________. This happens between where the substances are made (the ______) and where they are used or stored to (the _____).

Answer 42

sucrose, amino acids, down, translocation source, sink

Question 43

This means, for example, that sucrose is transported - from sources in the ____ to sinks in the _____ in spring time - from sources in the ______ to sinks in the _____ in the summer

Answer 43

root, leaves leaves, root

Question 44

Clarification Translocation is the transport of _______ _______ within a plant

Answer 44

dissolved material

Question 45

______ bundles are groups of ______ and ______ tissue in a plant In a leaf, the phloem is usually found closer to the _____ surface of the plant.

Answer 45

Vascular bundle, xylem, phloem lower

Question 46

Root Xylem vessels are _____ and _____, so the _______ bundles are in the ______ of the root to _____ forces that could pull the plant out of the ground.

Answer 46

tough, strong, vascular, centre, resist

Question 47

Stem The stem has to resist ________ (squashing) and _______ forces caused by the plant's ______ and the ____. The _______ bundles are arranged near the ____ of the stem, with the phloem on the _______, and the xylem on the _______.

Answer 47

compression, bending, weight, wind vascular, edge, outside, inside

Question 48

Transpiration is the evaporation of ____ at the surfaces of the ______ _______ cells in leaves, followed by loss of water vapour through the _______.

Answer 48

water, spongy mesophyll, stomata

Question 49

Water moves through the _____ vessels in a continuous _________ stream root → ____ → leaf

Answer 49

xylem, transpiration stem

Question 50

Transpiration produces a ______ or "pull" on the water in ______ vessels by the ______, Water molecules are _______ (able to ____ together), so water is pulled ___ through the plant.

Answer 50

tension, xylem, leaves, cohesive, stick together, pulled up

Question 51

The functions of the transpiration stream are - Transporting _______ ___ - Providing water to keep cells _____ (enlarged and ______ by water) by filling ______ in order to support the planting and stop it ______ - Providing water to ____ cells for __________ - Keeping the leaves cool by _________.

Answer 51

mineral ions turgid, swollen, vacuoles, wilting leaf, photosynthesis evaporation

Question 52

Rate of transpiration If the rate of transpiration increases, the rate of _______ of water by the root _______ as well.

Answer 52

transpiration increases, absorption of water increases

Question 53

Root hair cells BBC Root hair cells are where most water _______ happens. They are l___ and ____ so they can penetrate between ____ particles, and they have a large _______ ____ for maximising ________ of water via ________.

Answer 53

water absorption long and thin, soil particles, large surface area, absorption of water via osmosis

Question 54

Root hair cells BBC Water passes from the ____ water to the root hair cell's _______ by ________. This happens because the soil water has a higher _________ than the root hair cell _______.

Answer 54

soil water --> root hair cell's cytoplasm via osmosis higher concentration, cytoplasm

Question 55

Plants can only absorb _______ minerals (those that can ______ in water). They absorb minerals dissolved in solution from the soil through their _____ ____ cells.

Answer 55

soluble minerals, dissolved root hair cells

Question 56

Minerals cannot be transported via osmosis because this is the transport of ______ only. Minerals cannot be absorbed by diffusion, because minerals are in very low ___________. Instead, minerals are absorbed via ______ ________

Answer 56

osmosis - transport of water only diffusion, minerals in very low concentration minerals absorbed via active transport

Question 57

Active transport The root hair cells have _____ proteins in their ____ ________. These pick up the mineral ___ and move against the ________ gradient. (___ concentration to ____ concentration).

Answer 57

carrier proteins, cell membranes, mineral ions, against concentration gradient, low --> high

Question 58

Because active transport moves ions ______ the concentration gradient into the ___ ___ cells, _____ is needed. The energy is supplied in the form of ____.

Answer 58

against, root hair cells, energy is needed ATP